Submarines are valued primarily for his or her means to cover. The peace of mind that submarines would doubtless survive the primary missile strike in a nuclear struggle and thus be capable to reply by launching missiles in a second strike is essential to the technique of deterrence often called mutually assured destruction. Any new expertise which may render the oceans successfully clear, making it trivial to identify lurking submarines, might thus undermine the peace of the world. For almost a century, naval engineers have striven to develop ever-faster, ever-quieter submarines. However they've labored simply as laborious at advancing a wide selection of radar, sonar, and different applied sciences designed to detect, goal, and eradicate enemy submarines. The stability appeared to show with the emergence of nuclear-powered submarines within the early Sixties.

"The other thing is, because we're Allianz Partners, while it's mainly travel that we do in New Zealand, Allianz Partners globally is much more of an assistance company, so there's a whole lot of things that [the group does]." He continued: "What we did was we talked to our partners about some of the opportunities that we had and things that we could do with them, and areas where we thought we could help them to increase their reach-out to their customers." Essentially, it was a case of'What other things can we do while travel is limited,' and Allianz Partners NZ found its way towards the wellness realm, with the insurance company set to launch its digital health service (DHS) on July 18. "One of the things that [DHS] does for us is it provides our customers and business partners with immediate direct access to [five] key things," said Blyth. "Of those key things, one is an AI-based (artificial intelligence) symptom checker; the second is medical advice where they can chat with doctors." Other components of the health assistant include a round-the-clock healthline, a mental wellbeing feature, and a health services directory.

As the innovation paradigm in automotive industry shifted over time, artificial intelligence ("AI") has deeply penetrated into operation of automotive industry. Some manufacturers seek to utilize robots that learn automotive manufacturing skills, such as design, part manufacturing, and assembly, to assist human workers. AI are also utilized in aftermarket services, such as maintenance of engine or battery performance. Unsurprisingly, automotive industry faces new intellectual property challenges including those traditionally faced by AI technology patents. What if an AI develops a method of navigation or designs a new automotive?

During the last Australian election we ran an ambitious project that tracked campaign spending and political announcements by monitoring the Facebook pages of every major party politician and candidate. The project, dubbed the "pork-o-meter" (after the term pork-barreling), was hugely successful in being able to identify distinct patterns of spending based on vote margin, or incumbent party, with marginal electorates receiving billions of dollars more in campaign promises than other electorates. All up, we processed 34,061 Facebook posts, 2,452 media releases, and published eight stories (eg here, here and here) in addition to an interactive feature. We also used the same Facebook data to analyse photos posted during the campaign to break down the most common types of photo ops for each party, and how things have changed since the 2016 election. We were able to discover more than 1,600 election promises, amounting to tens of billions of dollars in potential spending.

Optimizing management practices and selecting the best cultivar for planting play a significant role in increasing agricultural food production and decreasing environmental footprint. In this study, we develop optimization frameworks under uncertainty using conditional value-at-risk in the stochastic programming objective function. We integrate the crop model, APSIM, and a parallel Bayesian optimization algorithm to optimize the management practices and select the best cultivar at different levels of risk aversion. This approach integrates the power of optimization in determining the best decisions and crop model in simulating nature's output corresponding to various decisions. As a case study, we set up the crop model for 25 locations across the US Corn Belt. We optimized the management options (planting date, N fertilizer amount, fertilizing date, and plant density in the farm) and cultivar options (cultivars with different maturity days) three times: a) before, b) at planting and c) after a growing season with known weather. Results indicated that the proposed model produced meaningful connections between weather and optima decisions. Also, we found risk-tolerance farmers get more expected yield than risk-averse ones in wet and non-wet weathers.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has altered living by controlling devices/things over the Internet. IoT has specified many smart solutions for daily problems, transforming cyber-physical systems (CPS) and other classical fields into smart regions. Most of the edge devices that make up the Internet of Things have very minimal processing power. To bring down the IoT network, attackers can utilise these devices to conduct a variety of network attacks. In addition, as more and more IoT devices are added, the potential for new and unknown threats grows exponentially. For this reason, an intelligent security framework for IoT networks must be developed that can identify such threats. In this paper, we have developed an unsupervised ensemble learning model that is able to detect new or unknown attacks in an IoT network from an unlabelled dataset. The system-generated labelled dataset is used to train a deep learning model to detect IoT network attacks. Additionally, the research presents a feature selection mechanism for identifying the most relevant aspects in the dataset for detecting attacks. The study shows that the suggested model is able to identify the unlabelled IoT network datasets and DBN (Deep Belief Network) outperform the other models with a detection accuracy of 97.5% and a false alarm rate of 2.3% when trained using labelled dataset supplied by the proposed approach.

The inference of causal structures from observed data plays a key role in unveiling the underlying dynamics of the system. This paper exposes a novel method, named Multiscale-Causal Structure Learning (MS-CASTLE), to estimate the structure of linear causal relationships occurring at different time scales. Differently from existing approaches, MS-CASTLE takes explicitly into account instantaneous and lagged inter-relations between multiple time series, represented at different scales, hinging on stationary wavelet transform and non-convex optimization. MS-CASTLE incorporates, as a special case, a single-scale version named SS-CASTLE, which compares favorably in terms of computational efficiency, performance and robustness with respect to the state of the art onto synthetic data. We used MS-CASTLE to study the multiscale causal structure of the risk of 15 global equity markets, during covid-19 pandemic, illustrating how MS-CASTLE can extract meaningful information thanks to its multiscale analysis, outperforming SS-CASTLE. We found that the most persistent and strongest interactions occur at mid-term time resolutions. Moreover, we identified the stock markets that drive the risk during the considered period: Brazil, Canada and Italy. The proposed approach can be exploited by financial investors who, depending to their investment horizon, can manage the risk within equity portfolios from a causal perspective.

Over-the-air federated learning (AirFL) allows devices to train a learning model in parallel and synchronize their local models using over-the-air computation. The integrity of AirFL is vulnerable due to the obscurity of the local models aggregated over-the-air. This paper presents a novel framework to balance the accuracy and integrity of AirFL, where multi-antenna devices and base station (BS) are jointly optimized with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The key contributions include a new and non-trivial problem jointly considering the model accuracy and integrity of AirFL, and a new framework that transforms the problem into tractable subproblems. Under perfect channel state information (CSI), the new framework minimizes the aggregated model's distortion and retains the local models' recoverability by optimizing the transmit beamformers of the devices, the receive beamformers of the BS, and the RIS configuration in an alternating manner. Under imperfect CSI, the new framework delivers a robust design of the beamformers and RIS configuration to combat non-negligible channel estimation errors. As corroborated experimentally, the novel framework can achieve comparable accuracy to the ideal FL while preserving local model recoverability under perfect CSI, and improve the accuracy when the number of receive antennas is small or moderate under imperfect CSI.

We present a task of multilingual linking of events to a knowledge base. We automatically compile a large-scale dataset for this task, comprising of 1.8M mentions across 44 languages referring to over 10.9K events from Wikidata. We propose two variants of the event linking task: 1) multilingual, where event descriptions are from the same language as the mention, and 2) crosslingual, where all event descriptions are in English. On the two proposed tasks, we compare multiple event linking systems including BM25+ (Lv and Zhai, 2011) and multilingual adaptations of the biencoder and crossencoder architectures from BLINK (Wu et al., 2020). In our experiments on the two task variants, we find both biencoder and crossencoder models significantly outperform the BM25+ baseline. Our results also indicate that the crosslingual task is in general more challenging than the multilingual task. To test the out-of-domain generalization of the proposed linking systems, we additionally create a Wikinews-based evaluation set. We present qualitative analysis highlighting various aspects captured by the proposed dataset, including the need for temporal reasoning over context and tackling diverse event descriptions across languages.

Each summer, thousands of people flock to the surf beaches of California and Australia, eager to catch one of the Pacific's classic waves. But they likely don't realize that they're sharing the water with growing numbers of great white sharks congregating offshore. The phenomenon has been confirmed using drone technology, which is transforming shark research with its ability to give scientists a bird's-eye view of the animals inhabiting the world's coasts. Drone observations often can reveal more than Earth-bound research methods about shark movements, feeding habits, social relationships, and the animals' reactions to people in their habitat.