Monitoring binomial proportions across multiple independent streams is a critical challenge in Statistical Process Control (SPC), with applications from manufacturing to cybersecurity. While EWMA charts offer sensitivity to small shifts, existing implementations rely on asymptotic variance approximations that fail during early-phase monitoring. We introduce a Cumulative Standardized Binomial EWMA (CSB-EWMA) chart that overcomes this limitation by deriving the exact time-varying variance of the EWMA statistic for binary multiple-stream data, enabling adaptive control limits that ensure statistical rigor from the first sample. Through extensive simulations, we identify optimal smoothing (λ) and limit (L) parameters to achieve target in-control average run length (ARL0) of 370 and 500. The CSB-EWMA chart demonstrates rapid shift detection across both ARL0 targets, with out-of-control average run length (ARL1) dropping to 3-7 samples for moderate shifts (δ=0.2), and exhibits exceptional robustness across different data distributions, with low ARL1 Coefficients of Variation (CV < 0.10 for small shifts) for both ARL0 = 370 and 500. This work provides practitioners with a distribution-free, sensitive, and theoretically sound tool for early change detection in binomial multiple-stream processes.

Yet so far, the impact has been limited. Although adoption of A.I. is rising, only about 5 percent of companies nationwide are using the technology, according to a survey of businesses from the Census Bureau. Many economists predict that generative A.I. is years away from measurably affecting economic activity -- but they say change will come. "To me, this is a story of five years, not five quarters," said Philipp Carlsson-Szlezak, the global chief economist at Boston Consulting Group. "Over a five-year horizon, am I going to see something measurable?

Seamless integration of physical objects as interactive digital entities remains a challenge for spatial computing. This paper introduces Augmented Object Intelligence (AOI), a novel XR interaction paradigm designed to blur the lines between digital and physical by equipping real-world objects with the ability to interact as if they were digital, where every object has the potential to serve as a portal to vast digital functionalities. Our approach utilizes object segmentation and classification, combined with the power of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), to facilitate these interactions. We implement the AOI concept in the form of XR-Objects, an open-source prototype system that provides a platform for users to engage with their physical environment in rich and contextually relevant ways. This system enables analog objects to not only convey information but also to initiate digital actions, such as querying for details or executing tasks. Our contributions are threefold: (1) we define the AOI concept and detail its advantages over traditional AI assistants, (2) detail the XR-Objects system's open-source design and implementation, and (3) show its versatility through a variety of use cases and a user study.

In an era where the Internet of Things (IoT) intersects increasingly with generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), this article scrutinizes the emergent security risks inherent in this integration. We explore how generative AI drives innovation in IoT and we analyze the potential for data breaches when using generative AI and the misuse of generative AI technologies in IoT ecosystems. These risks not only threaten the privacy and efficiency of IoT systems but also pose broader implications for trust and safety in AI-driven environments. The discussion in this article extends to strategic approaches for mitigating these risks, including the development of robust security protocols, the multi-layered security approaches, and the adoption of AI technological solutions. Through a comprehensive analysis, this article aims to shed light on the critical balance between embracing AI advancements and ensuring stringent security in IoT, providing insights into the future direction of these intertwined technologies.

Although deep learning models for abnormality classification can perform well in screening mammography, the demographic, imaging, and clinical characteristics associated with increased risk of model failure remain unclear. This retrospective study uses the Emory BrEast Imaging Dataset(EMBED) containing mammograms from 115931 patients imaged at Emory Healthcare between 2013-2020, with BI-RADS assessment, region of interest coordinates for abnormalities, imaging features, pathologic outcomes, and patient demographics. Multiple deep learning models were trained to distinguish between abnormal tissue patches and randomly selected normal tissue patches from screening mammograms. We assessed model performance by subgroups defined by age, race, pathologic outcome, tissue density, and imaging characteristics and investigated their associations with false negatives (FN) and false positives (FP). We also performed multivariate logistic regression to control for confounding between subgroups. The top-performing model, ResNet152V2, achieved accuracy of 92.6%(95%CI=92.0-93.2%), and AUC 0.975(95%CI=0.972-0.978). Before controlling for confounding, nearly all subgroups showed statistically significant differences in model performance. However, after controlling for confounding, we found lower FN risk associates with Other race(RR=0.828;p=.050), biopsy-proven benign lesions(RR=0.927;p=.011), and mass(RR=0.921;p=.010) or asymmetry(RR=0.854;p=.040); higher FN risk associates with architectural distortion (RR=1.037;p<.001). Higher FP risk associates to BI-RADS density C(RR=1.891;p<.001) and D(RR=2.486;p<.001). Our results demonstrate subgroup analysis is important in mammogram classifier performance evaluation, and controlling for confounding between subgroups elucidates the true associations between variables and model failure. These results can help guide developing future breast cancer detection models.

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has catalyzed revolutionary changes across various sectors, notably in healthcare. Among the significant developments in this field are the applications of generative AI models, specifically transformers and diffusion models. These models have played a crucial role in analyzing diverse forms of data, including medical imaging (encompassing image reconstruction, image-to-image translation, image generation, and image classification), protein structure prediction, clinical documentation, diagnostic assistance, radiology interpretation, clinical decision support, medical coding, and billing, as well as drug design and molecular representation. Such applications have enhanced clinical diagnosis, data reconstruction, and drug synthesis. This review paper aims to offer a thorough overview of the generative AI applications in healthcare, focusing on transformers and diffusion models. Additionally, we propose potential directions for future research to tackle the existing limitations and meet the evolving demands of the healthcare sector. Intended to serve as a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in the healthcare applications of generative AI, this review provides valuable insights into the current state of the art, challenges faced, and prospective future directions.

To gain a deeper understanding of the behavior and learning dynamics of (deep) artificial neural networks, it is valuable to employ mathematical abstractions and models. These tools provide a simplified perspective on network performance and facilitate systematic investigations through simulations. In this paper, we propose utilizing the framework of stochastic processes, which has been underutilized thus far. Our approach models activation patterns of thresholded nodes in (deep) artificial neural networks as stochastic processes. We focus solely on activation frequency, leveraging neuroscience techniques used for real neuron spike trains. During a classification task, we extract spiking activity and use an arrival process following the Poisson distribution. We examine observed data from various artificial neural networks in image recognition tasks, fitting the proposed model's assumptions. Through this, we derive parameters describing activation patterns in each network. Our analysis covers randomly initialized, generalizing, and memorizing networks, revealing consistent differences across architectures and training sets. Calculating Mean Firing Rate, Mean Fano Factor, and Variances, we find stable indicators of memorization during learning, providing valuable insights into network behavior. The proposed model shows promise in describing activation patterns and could serve as a general framework for future investigations. It has potential applications in theoretical simulations, pruning, and transfer learning.

Online communities of involuntary celibates (incels) are a prominent source of misogynist hate speech. In this paper, we use quantitative text and network analysis approaches to examine how identity groups are discussed on incels-dot-is, the largest black-pilled incels forum. We find that this community produces a wide range of novel identity terms and, while terms for women are most common, mentions of other minoritized identities are increasing. An analysis of the associations made with identity groups suggests an essentialist ideology where physical appearance, as well as gender and racial hierarchies, determine human value. We discuss implications for research into automated misogynist hate speech detection.

This paper aims to provide a radical rundown on Conversation Search (ConvSearch), an approach to enhance the information retrieval method where users engage in a dialogue for the information-seeking tasks. In this survey, we predominantly focused on the human interactive characteristics of the ConvSearch systems, highlighting the operations of the action modules, likely the Retrieval system, Question-Answering, and Recommender system. We labeled various ConvSearch research problems in knowledge bases, natural language processing, and dialogue management systems along with the action modules. We further categorized the framework to ConvSearch and the application is directed toward biomedical and healthcare fields for the utilization of clinical social technology. Finally, we conclude by talking through the challenges and issues of ConvSearch, particularly in Bio-Medicine. Our main aim is to provide an integrated and unified vision of the ConvSearch components from different fields, which benefit the information-seeking process in healthcare systems.

The objective of this study is to develop a good risk model for classifying business delinquency by simultaneously exploring several machine learning based methods including regularization, hyper-parameter optimization, and model ensembling algorithms. The rationale under the analyses is firstly to obtain good base binary classifiers (include Logistic Regression ($LR$), K-Nearest Neighbors ($KNN$), Decision Tree ($DT$), and Artificial Neural Networks ($ANN$)) via regularization and appropriate settings of hyper-parameters. Then two model ensembling algorithms including bagging and boosting are performed on the good base classifiers for further model improvement. The models are evaluated using accuracy, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC of ROC), recall, and F1 score via repeating 10-fold cross-validation 10 times. The results show the optimal base classifiers along with the hyper-parameter settings are $LR$ without regularization, $KNN$ by using 9 nearest neighbors, $DT$ by setting the maximum level of the tree to be 7, and $ANN$ with three hidden layers. Bagging on $KNN$ with $K$ valued 9 is the optimal model we can get for risk classification as it reaches the average accuracy, AUC, recall, and F1 score valued 0.90, 0.93, 0.82, and 0.89, respectively.