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Cluster Weighted Model Based on TSNE algorithm for High-Dimensional Data

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Similar to many Machine Learning models, both accuracy and speed of the Cluster weighted models (CWMs) can be hampered by high-dimensional data, leading to previous works on a parsimonious technique to reduce the effect of "Curse of dimensionality" on mixture models. In this work, we review the background study of the cluster weighted models (CWMs). We further show that parsimonious technique is not sufficient for mixture models to thrive in the presence of huge high-dimensional data. We discuss a heuristic for detecting the hidden components by choosing the initial values of location parameters using the default values in the "FlexCWM" R package. We introduce a dimensionality reduction technique called T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (TSNE) to enhance the parsimonious CWMs in high-dimensional space. Originally, CWMs are suited for regression but for classification purposes, all multi-class variables are transformed logarithmically with some noise. The parameters of the model are obtained via expectation maximization algorithm. The effectiveness of the discussed technique is demonstrated using real data sets from different fields.


How much of a threat to humanity is falling space junk

Daily Mail - Science & tech

Over the weekend, debris from an out-of-control Chinese rocket crashed to Earth over the Indian and Pacific oceans. There had been fears that pieces of the 23-tonne Long March 5B booster could come down over a populated area, but experts had said the probability of this was extremely low. Nevertheless, NASA hit out at China by accusing Beijing of not sharing the'specific trajectory information' needed to calculate where possible debris might fall. Elsewhere at the weekend, a 10ft (3m) piece of space junk – thought to be from one of Elon Musk's spacecrafts – crashed into a farmer's property in Australia at around 15,500mph (25,000km/h). The object, believed to be part of the SpaceX Crew-1 craft, was found in a sheep paddock by a farmer living on a large property in the Snowy Mountains in New South Wales.


US says Russian officials visited Iran to view drones for war against Ukraine

FOX News

Fox News Flash top headlines are here. Check out what's clicking on Foxnews.com. The U.S. says Russian officials visited an Iranian airfield multiple times in recent weeks to view attack-capable drones it is looking to obtain for its attack against Ukraine. Iran showed the drones to Russian officials at Kashan Airfield on June 8 and July 15, the White House said. The Biden administration has published satellite imagery showing Shahed-191 and Shahed-129 drones flying at the airfield at the same time a Russian delegation transport plane was on the ground.


How do tuna schools associate to dFADs? A study using echo-sounder buoys to identify global patterns

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

As fishermen have noticed this behaviour, they have used both natural and man-made floating objects, or drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs), as a tool for finding and catching tropical tunas. The use of dFADs in tuna purse-seine fisheries has gradually increased since the 1980s to the present time, where vessels using dFADs now contribute to 36% of the world's total tropical tuna catch (Davies et al., 2014; Wain et al., 2021; ISSF, 2021). These widespread changes have highlighted the need to better understand the potential ecological effects of dFADs on tuna ecology and the marine environment, in order to ensure adequate management of fish stocks and dFAD usage. Indeed, both the dynamics of how and why tuna associate to dFADs are still poorly understood. Regarding the reasons behind tuna aggregation to dFADs, a number of hypotheses have been suggested (Fréon and Dagorn, 2000; Dempster and Taquet, 2004; Castro et al., 2002). Of these, two have gained traction: the "meeting-point" hypothesis, which considers that dFADs facilitate the encounter between individuals or schools, thus constituting larger schools that could benefit survival rates (Castro et al., 2002); and the "indicator-log" hypothesis, by which tunas may be safeguarding the survival of their eggs, larvae and juvenile stages by using drifting objects as indicators of areas where plankton and food is readily available (Hall et al., 1992). This scenario has led some authors to postulate that man-made dFADs could have detrimental effects on tuna populations by creating a so-called "ecological trap" which would lead tuna to remain associated to dFADs even as these drift into areas that could negatively affect the tuna's behaviour and biology (Marsac et al., 2000; Hallier and Gaertner, 2008). To the best of our knowledge, there is yet no sufficient evidence to either confirm or reject this hypothesis (see Dagorn et al. (2012) and references therein). Given the concerns around the widespread use of dFADs in tuna fisheries today, it is not surprising that a considerable amount of research has been devoted to characterizing the dynamics at play when tunas aggregate to dFADs.


Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Models - Technology Org

#artificialintelligence

Large language models (LLMs) have rich internalized knowledge about the world and are able to carry out some degree of deduction and respond to questions requiring reasoning and inference. An example of ViLD object detection segmentation mask and bounding box predictions. The Inner Monologue system is created to chain together these components in a shared language prompt. As a result, the system can accomplish complex, long-horizon, and unseen tasks in simulation as well as on real-world robotic platforms. Recent works have shown how the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be applied to domains beyond natural language processing, such as planning and interaction for robots.


MailOnline takes a look at the technologies to remove 199 million tonnes of plastic littering oceans

Daily Mail - Science & tech

Plastic waste is being discovered in increasingly remote locations around the world, from fresh Antarctic snow to the mountain air above the Pyrenees. According to the World Economic Forum, between 75 and 199 million tons of plastic are currently in our oceans. This ranges from large floating debris to microplastics, which form as the bigger pieces of waste break down. As a result, scientists and engineers are working hard to find new solutions to the global problem of plastic pollution. These include aquatic drones that can be programmed to scoop up floating debris from the surface of rivers, and buggies that use artificial intelligence (AI) to search for and pick up litter for use on beaches.


Unfolding AIS transmission behavior for vessel movement modeling on noisy data leveraging machine learning

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The oceans are a source of an impressive mixture of complex data that could be used to uncover relationships yet to be discovered. Such data comes from the oceans and their surface, such as Automatic Identification System (AIS) messages used for tracking vessels' trajectories. AIS messages are transmitted over radio or satellite at ideally periodic time intervals but vary irregularly over time. As such, this paper aims to model the AIS message transmission behavior through neural networks for forecasting upcoming AIS messages' content from multiple vessels, particularly in a simultaneous approach despite messages' temporal irregularities as outliers. We present a set of experiments comprising multiple algorithms for forecasting tasks with horizon sizes of varying lengths. Deep learning models (e.g., neural networks) revealed themselves to adequately preserve vessels' spatial awareness regardless of temporal irregularity. We show how convolutional layers, feed-forward networks, and recurrent neural networks can improve such tasks by working together. Experimenting with short, medium, and large-sized sequences of messages, our model achieved 36/37/38% of the Relative Percentage Difference - the lower, the better, whereas we observed 92/45/96% on the Elman's RNN, 51/52/40% on the GRU, and 129/98/61% on the LSTM. These results support our model as a driver for improving the prediction of vessel routes when analyzing multiple vessels of diverging types simultaneously under temporally noise data.


Leviathan: China's new navy

Al Jazeera

The Chinese navy, under instruction from President Xi Jinping, has undergone a modernisation and expansion programme that is nothing short of spectacular. Friday's launch of its third and most advanced aircraft carrier, the Fujian, for sea trials underscores just how far it has come, and how fast. The first two carriers, the Liaoning and Shandong, were ex-Soviet designs; the Liaoning initially bought for scrap from Ukraine and refitted. While antiquated, they have been used to train new generations of naval officers and pilots in the complex science and art of aircraft carrier operations. This new design of aircraft carrier is a quantum leap in capabilities from these older models and will greatly enhance China's combat power.



Robot Self-Calibration Using Actuated 3D Sensors - Technology Org

#artificialintelligence

Current robot calibration techniques rely on specialized equipment and specially trained personnel. To overcome this problem, a recent paper published on arXiv.org It uses point cloud registration techniques to fuse multiple scans of a given scene. The evaluation on multiple real-world scenes on various hardware configurations shows that the achieved precision is similar to that achieved by using traditional methods with a dedicated 3D tracking system. Both, robot and hand-eye calibration haven been object to research for decades.