Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Karlsruhe, West Germany, 377-381

Empirical Studies in the Arts, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17-34, and vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 125-142.

I apologise for any mistakes or misinterpretations I may therefore have made. In October 1981,.Japan announced a national project to develop highly innovative computer systems for the 199Os, with the title "Fifth Generation Computer Systems " This paper is a personal view of that project, The fifth generation plan its significance, and reactions to it. In late 1978 the Japanese Ministry of International Trade THIS PAPER PRESENTS a personal view of the Japanese and Industry (MITI) gave ETL the task of defining a project Fifth Generation Computer Systems project.

Cambridge University Press

We briefly describe the logic programming language PROLOG concentrating on those aspects of the language that make it suitable for implementing expert systems. We show how features of expert systems such as: (1) inference generated requests for data, (2) probabilistic reasoning, (3) explanation of behaviour can be easily programmed in PROLOG. We illustrate each of these features by showing how a fault finder expert could be programmed in PROLOG.In Hayes, J. E., Michie, D., and Pao, Y.-H. (Eds.), Machine Intelligence 10. Ellis Horwood.

Our own early attempts (as devoted users of LISP) to use PROLOG convinced us that it would be worth the effort to create within LISP a faithful implementation of Kowalski's logic programming idea. We felt it would be very convenient to be able to set up a knowledge base of assertions inside a LISP workspace, and to compute the answers to queries simply by executing appropriate function calls.In Hayes, J. E., Michie, D., and Pao, Y.-H. (Eds.), Machine Intelligence 10. Ellis Horwood.

Discourse Processes, vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-32.

PROLOG is a simple and powerful progamming language based on first-order logic. This paper examines two possible extensions to the language which would generally be considered "higher-order".t The first extension introduces lambda expressions and predicate variables so that functions and relations can be treated as 'first class' data objects. We argue that this extension does not add anything to the real power of the language. The other extension concerns the introduction of set expressions to denote the set of all (provable) solutions to some goal. We argue that this extension does indeed fill a real gap in the language, but must be defined with care.In Hayes, J. E., Michie, D., and Pao, Y.-H. (Eds.), Machine Intelligence 10. Ellis Horwood.

Motor control systems are complex systems that process information. Orientation behaviour, posture control, and the manipulation of objects are examples of motor control systems which involve one or more sensory modality and various central neural processes, as well as effector systems and their immediate neuronal control mechanisms. Like all complex information processing systems, they must be analysed and understood at several different levels (see, e.g., Marr & Poggio 1977).At the lowest level there is the analysis of basic components and circuits, the neurons, their synapses, etc. At the other extreme, there is the study of the computations performed by the system — the problems it solves and the ways that it solves them — and the analysis of its logical organization in terms of its primary modules. In Hayes, J. E., Michie, D., and Pao, Y.-H. (Eds.), Machine Intelligence 10. Ellis Horwood.

Presented at the NATO Symposium Human and Artificial Intelligence, Lyon, France, October, 1981. CMU Technical Report CMU-CS-82-104. We examine computer games in order to develop concepts of the relative roles of knowledge and search. The paper concentrates on the relation between knowledge applied at leaf nodes of a search and the depth of the search that is being conducted. Each knowledge of an advantage has a projection ability (time to convert to a more permanent advantage) associated with it. The best programs appear to have the longest projection ability knowledge in them. If the application of knowledge forces a single view of a terminal situation, this may at times be very wrong. We consider the advantages of knowledge delivering a range as its output, a method for which some theory exists, but which is as yet unproven.