This article reviews research in the development of plan generation systems. Our goal is to familiarize the reader with some of the important problems that have arisen in the design of planning systems and to discuss some of the many solutions that have been developed in the over 30 years of research in this area. In this article, we broadly cover the major ideas in the field of AI planning and show the direction in which some current research is going. We define some of the terms commonly used in the planning literature, describe some of the basic issues coming from the design of planning systems, and survey results in the area. Because such tasks are virtually never ending, and thus, any finite document must be incomplete, we provide references to connect each idea to the appropriate literature and allow readers access to the work most relevant to their own research or applications.

It (McDermott 1988), and the idea of generic also helps to explicitly focus on how to go tasks and task-specific architectures (Chandrasekaran from the knowledge level to the symbol or 1983). These various proposals are program level. I call this in-between level the obviously related to each other, which makes knowledge-use level. At the knowledge-use it desirable to construct a synthesis that combines level, we focus on issues such as how the their strengths. Such a synthesis is presented overall task will be decomposed into manageable here in the form of a componential subtasks, what ordering will be imposed framework. The framework stresses modularity on the tasks, what kind of access to knowledge and consideration of the pragmatic constraints will be needed (and, consequently, what of the domain.

This article examines the near-term impact of expert system technology on work and the organization. First, an approach is taken for forecasting the likely extent of the diffusion, or success, of the technology. Next, the case of advanced manufacturing technologies and their effects is considered. From this analysis, a framework is constructed for viewing the impact of these technologies -- and technologies in general -- as a function of the technology itself; market realities; and personal, organizational, and societal values and policy choices. Two scenarios are proposed with respect to the application of this framework to expert systems. The first concludes that expert systems will have little impact on the nature of work and the organization. The second scenario posits that expert system diffusion will be pulled by, and will be a contributing factor toward, the evolution of the lean, flexible, knowledge-intensive, postindustrial organization.

Jim when we want to define the class of should be justified by something Schmolze argued that if you think of people who work in specific institutions), other than the code implementing a sort of lingua franca for knowledge (2) when a concept definition the system. However, interpreting the representation, you can't be committed depends on the assertional properties two terms efficient and principled as to the difference between terminological of its instances (as with gray elephants, worst-case tractability and soundness and assertional knowledge for example), and (3) when and completeness with respect to the or even between roles and concepts.

Many barriers exist today that prevent effective industrial exploitation of current and future AI research. These barriers can only be removed by people who are working at the scientific forefront in AI and know potential industrial needs. The Knowledge Processing Laboratory's research and development concentrates in the following areas: (1) natural language interfaces to knowledge-based systems and databases; (2) theoretical and experimental work on qualitative modeling and nonmonotonic reasoning for future knowledge-based systems; (3) application-specific language design, in particular, Prolog extensions; and (4) desi gn and analysis of neural networks. This article gives the reader an overview of the main topics currently being pursued in each of these areas.

Computational Linguistics 169(2):79–85

To more precisely evaluate the implications of a neuronal model.

ABSTRACT We describe pulse - stream firing integrated circuits that implement asynchronous analog neural networks. Synaptic weights are stored dynamically, and weighting uses time-division of the neural pulses from a signalling neuron to a receiving neuron. MOS transistors in their "ON" state act as variable resistors to control a capacitive discharge, and time-division is thus achieved by a small synapse circuit cell. The VLSI chip set design uses 2.5J.1.m INTRODUCTION Neural network implementations fall into two broad classes - digital [1,2] and analog (e.g. The strengths of a digital approach include the ability to use well-proven design techniques, high noise immunity, and the ability to implement programmable networks.

This paper describes an ongoing effort which approaches neural net research in a program of close collaboration of neurosc i ent i sts and eng i neers. The effort is des i gned to elucidate associative learning in the marine snail Hermissenda crassicornist in which Pavlovian conditioning has been observed. Learning has been isolated in the four neuron network at the convergence of the v i sua 1 and vestibular pathways in this animal t and biophysical changes t specific to learning t have been observed in the membrane of the photoreceptor B cell. A basic charging capacitance model of a neuron is used and enhanced with biologically plausible mechanisms that are necessary to replicate the effect of learning at the cellular level. These mechanisms are nonlinear and are t primarilYt instances of second order control systems (e.g.

ABSTRACT A self-organizing Hopfield network has been developed in the context of Vector Ouantiza -tion, aiming at compression of television images. The metastable states of the spin glass-like network are used as an extra storage resource using the Minimal Overlap learning rule (Krauth and Mezard 1987) to optimize the organization of the attractors. The sel f-organi zi ng scheme that we have devised results in the generation of an adaptive codebook for any qiven TV image. As in many applications they are unknown, the aim of this work is to develop a network capable to learn how to select its attractors. TV image compression using Vector Quantization (V.Q.)(Gray, 1984), a key issue for HOTV transmission, is a typical case, since the non neural algorithms which generate the list of codes (the codebookl are suboptimal.