The creation of high fidelity scenarios for disaster simulation is a major challenge for a number of reasons. First, the maps supplied by existing map providers tend to provide only road or building shapes and do not accurately model open spaces which people use to evacuate buildings, homes, or industrial facilities. Secondly, even if some of the data about evacuation routes is available, the real-world connection points between these spaces and roads and buildings is usually not well defined unless data from buildings’ owners can be obtained. Finally, in order to augment current maps with accurate spatial data, it would require either a good set of training data for a computer vision algorithm to define evacuation routes using pictures or a significant amount of manpower to directly survey a vast area. Against this background, we develop a novel model of geospatial data creation, called CollabMap, that relies on human computation. CollabMap is a crowdsourcing tool to get users contracted via Amazon Mechanical Turk or a similar service to perform micro-tasks that involve augmenting existing maps by drawing evacuation routes, using satellite imagery from Google Maps and panoramic views from Google Street-View. We use human computation to complete tasks that are hard for a computer vision algorithm to perform or to generate training data that could be used by a computer vision algorithm to automatically define evacuation routes.

The major limitation to standard classification techniques is that the classifiers have to be trained on objects for which the ground truth, ACT-R contains a robust declarative memory module, which in terms of either a pre-assigned label or an error signal, is stores information as "chunks." A chunk in ACT-R may contain known. This limitation prevents the classifiers from dynamically any number of slots and values for those slots; slot values developing their own categories of classification based may be other chunks, numbers, strings, lists, or generally on information obtained from the environment. Previous attempts any data type allowed in Lisp (the base language for to overcome these limitations have been based on ACT-R). Retrieval from declarative memory is handled by a classical machine learning algorithms (Modayil and Kuipers request to the retrieval module; the request specifies the conditions 2007) (Kuipers et al. 2006). Here we present an alternative to be met in order for a chunk to be retrieved from approach to this problem, and develop the beginnings of declarative memory, and the module either returns a chunk a framework within which a classifier can evolve its own matching those specifications or generates a failure signal if representations based on dynamical information from the a retrieval cannot be made.

In fact, goal-driven hierarchical structure to concatenate simple human behavior is mostly constituted by goal-directed motor acts. This hierarchical goal structure as well as the actions based on the synergic composition of simpler rules, which connect individual motor elements, might be motor constituents chained together according to a precise paralleled to the syntactic organization of language.

In this paper, we study a time-critical facet of context-awareness: context transitions, which we model as changes in specific context types over time, e.g., activity or location. We present results from a user-centred field study involving participant interviews and motion data capture from two mobile device sensors: the accelerometer and magnetic field sensor. The results show how the participants subjectively interpret their daily context transitions with variable granularity, and a comparison of these context transitions with mobile device motion data shows how the motion data poorly reflect the identified transitions. The results imply that care should be taken when representing and modelling users’ subjective interpretations of context, as well as the objective nature of context sensors. Furthermore, processing and usability trade-offs should be made if real-time on-device transition detection is to be implemented.

We build a mechanism to form an ontology of entities which improves a relevance of matching and searching microtext. Ontology construction starts from the seed entities and mines the web for new entities associated with them. To form these new entities, machine learning of syntactic parse trees (syntactic generalization) is applied to form commonalities between various search results for existing entities on the web. Ontology and syntactic generalization are applied to relevance improvement in search and text similarity assessment in commercial setting; evaluation results show substantial contribution of both sources to microtext processing.

Context Management technology is not novel itself, and ICT companies are already looking at this area and spending effort for a long time trying to find a technically feasible solution, appealing marketing usage and solve all the possible issues with its privacy and security concerns. However, after many years of technology scouting and academic scrutiny within this still innovating area, there is no unique best practice or reference standardization solving all the technological difficulties within this field. The context information available in the real world from many potential sources should be handled in a near real-time way, efficiently processed by many devices and be interoperable among different actors dealing with the context. Therefore not only a comprehensive context management framework shall be in the place but also efficient context representation formalism should be employed in order to represent the context data suitably for an autonomous Machine-to-Machine processing, with all the data maintained within that representation and with all the mechanisms or artifacts needed for a secure and privacy safeguarding sensitive data handling. This all compose a set of requirements to be respected in the context information data representation, which are listed and solved by the solution described within with paper.

Having discovered a decision principle for a well-known prima facie duty theory in biomedical ethics to resolve particular cases of a common type of ethical dilemma, we developed three applications: a medical ethics advisor system, a medication reminder system and an instantiation of this system in a Nao robot. We are now developing a general, automated method for generating from scratch the ethics needed for a machine to function in a particular domain, without making the assumptions used in our prototype systems.

We present an original integration of high level planning and execution with incoming perceptual information from vision, SLAM, topological map segmentation and dialogue. The task of the robot system, implementing the integrated model, is to explore unknown areas and report detected objects to an operator, by speaking loudly. The knowledge base of the planner maintains a graph-based representation of the metric map that is dynamically constructed via an unsupervised topological segmentation method, and augmented with information about the type and position of detected objects, within the map, such as cars or containers. According to this knowledge the cognitive robot can infer strategies in so generating parametric plans that are instantiated from the perceptual processes. Finally, a model-based approach for the execution and control of the robot system is proposed to monitor, concurrently, the low level status of the system and the execution of the activities, in order to achieve the goal, instructed by the operator.

We evaluate the statistical dependency parser, Malt, on a new dataset of sentences taken from tweets. We use a version of Malt which is trained on gold standard phrase structure Wall Street Journal (WSJ) trees converted to Stanford labelled dependencies. We observe a drastic drop in performance moving from our in-domain WSJ test set to the new Twitter dataset, much of which has to do with the propagation of part-of-speech tagging errors. Retraining Malt on dependency trees produced by a state-of-the-art phrase structure parser, which has itself been self-trained on Twitter material, results in a significant improvement. We analyse this improvement by examining in detail the effect of the retraining on individual dependency types.

Ontologies are not only becoming a widespread formalism to create the knowledge base of current intelligent and semantic systems, but they are also suitable for modeling context information in ubiquitous applications, which require expressive representation and reasoning languages. In this paper, we discuss different approaches for ontological context management, as well as a proposal to represent and exploit significance-based relations with standard and fuzzy ontologies.