When Google's AI beat a world champion at Go, scientists and technologists around the globe held it up as a watershed moment for AI. But why, exactly, is it so hard for a computer to play some games well? Without wanting to sound like a scene from the cutting room floor of Karate Kid, the truth is that out of seemingly simple rules can grow great complexity. Complexity that even the very best artificial intelligence systems struggles to come to grips with--at least if they're to play convincingly against a talented human. In this video, Rob Miles form the University of Nottingham in the UK explains how that complexity comes about and why computers can struggle to deal with it. Warning: This is 20 minutes long, but it is an interesting insight into the way computers handle something humans can take for granted.

The folks over at x.ai – creators of Amy, the artificial intelligence answer to scheduling meetings – have had a shot at showing exactly what it looks like inside their bot's brain, using AI, of course. The team used a powerful deep-learning model, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), to trawl 500,000 words in its database, looking at their sequence in a sentence to understand what they mean, then predicting how to categorize them. This year's edition of TNW Conference in Amsterdam includes some of the biggest names in tech. Without a human ever telling the RNN the definitions of different word groups, it has managed to understand that Stanford is different from Instagram, and that Jesse, Luke and Jason are names. This data was cut to down to the 3,500 most frequently used words and has then been projected into a 2D shape in order to show the relationships the AI has made between different words.

On March 23, Microsoft launched an artificial intelligent (AI) chat bot on twitter called TayTweets, and within hours, anonymous individuals had hijacked the experiment. Because the program was not built with contingencies meant to handle inappropriate questions or information gathering, like a human brain for instance, by asking the AI bot something in a specific manner people were able to get responses regarding Holocaust denial, 9/11 conspiracies and incest. On their project website, the Microsoft development team stated the bot was designed to conduct research on "conversational understanding" through engaging and entertaining people with playful conversation. "Unfortunately, within the first 24 hours of coming online, we became aware of a coordinated effort by some users to abuse Tay's commenting skills to have Tay respond in inappropriate ways. As a result, we have taken Tay offline and are making adjustments."

Google is reportedly working on a competitor to the Amazon Echo, Amazon's voice-controlled personal assistant. According to The Information, Google is working on a'secret project' which would create a rival to the Echo, currently the leading device of its kind on the market. The Amazon Echo is the home of the digital assistant Alexa, who responds to a'wake word' and can help out around the house by creating to-do lists, playing music, setting alarms, providing weather information and doing internet searches. The Echo hasn't been released in the UK yet, but it's generated a lot of buzz in the US, and has proved successful enough that Amazon is releasing a new version, the Echo Dot, which connects to users' existing speakers. Google-owned company Nest, the creators of smart home devices like the Nest Thermostat, reportedly wanted to be part of the project, but were apparently pushed away by Google itself.

Computers may have become smart enough to beat humans in the world's most complicated board game, but occasionally, they get confused by something as simple as a name. Due to the nature of certain computer systems, some names will bring up error messages or even crash websites, potentially blocking users from entering important information. Names may just be too long for particular online forms to bear, or for people with the last name'Null,' the problem lies in the language of programming. Computers may have become smart enough to beat humans in the world's most complicated game, but sometimes, they get confused by something as simple as a name. People with the last name'Null,' have grown accustomed to the difficulties presented by the word.

Video Friday is your weekly selection of awesome robotics videos, collected by your shapeshifting Automaton bloggers. We'll also be posting a weekly calendar of upcoming robotics events for the next few months; here's what we have so far (send us your events!): Let us know if you have suggestions for next week, and enjoy today's videos. HEBI Robotics, who we like because they make snake robots that also work as legs for non-snake robots, have just released a new modular robot actuator that's geared towards general-purpose robotics and looks pretty awesome: This series of powerful robot module allow engineers, researchers, and industrial integrators to quickly and easily create world-class custom robots of any configuration. These actuators are packed with sensors that enable controllable position, velocity, and sensitive torque control as well as three axis inertial measurement.

The Lost World: Jurassic Park 1997 AMC Sun. Tomorrow Never Dies 1997 EPIX Wed. 10 p.m., Thur. The X-Files: Fight the Future 1998 IFC Thur. Hard to Kill 1990 Sundance Mon. 8 p.m., Tue. A scientist gives his bodyguard superhuman powers in order to fight racists. A lawyer unwittingly becomes friends with an unstable woman who has a criminal history. A successful businesswoman puts her family, career and life on the line to satisfy her addiction to sex. With his father trapped in the wreckage of their spacecraft, a youth treks across Earth's now-hostile terrain to recover their rescue beacon and signal for help. In the future a cutting-edge android in the form of a boy embarks on a journey to discover his true nature. An 11-year-old boy experiences the worst day of his young life but soon learns that he's not alone when other members of his family encounter their own calamities. A struggling writer falls in love with a stenographer while trying to finish his new novel in 30 days.

Last week, machine learning took a big leap forward when Google's AlphaGo, a machine algorithm, beat the world champion, Lee Sedol, in the game Go. If the lip-reading technology had been used during the 2006 World Cup Final, when Zinedine Zidane was given a red card for headbutting Marco Materazzi, the outcome of the game could have been different. The partnership will provide students within the university's Department of Computing Science the opportunity to gain hands-on experience of IBM's … A new study reveals that voice assistant AIs, like Siri and Cortana, might be clever, but they lack fundamental empathy at their core. Google has entered into the machine learning market with the alpha release of Cloud Machine Learning. "Extraordinary" merger of machine intelligence and cloud economics, is changing business operations and society, says Leading Edge Forum.

That's the question they will be looking to answer--for the first time in history--at next week's PAPIs AI Startup Battle in Valencia, Spain. If artificial intelligence has a continued track record of enhancing and advancing our decision-making skills, it presents itself as an interesting way to better determine which startups are safer to invest in. Telefonica Open Future has partnered with machine-learning platform provider BigML to extract historical data from the application programming interfaces or APIs of websites like Crunchbase and AngelList--it's proprietary so we can't know the exact secrets--and combined it with data like the LinkedIn profile of funders to find a quantifiable correlation among successful startups. The only requirement to be a part of this competition is that artificial intelligence is at the startup's core. But what makes the machine capable of accessing these analytics and what makes it easily available for both techie and layman is the predictive API that connects to that data.

Brain science draws legions of eager students to the field and countless millions in dollars, euros and renminbi to fund research. These endeavors, however, have not yielded major improvements in treating patients who suffer from psychiatric disorders for decades. The languid pace of translating research into therapies stems from the inherent difficulties in understanding mental illness. "Psychiatry deals with brains interacting with the world and with other brains, so we're not just considering a brain's function but its function in complex situations," says Quentin Huys of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (E.T.H. Zurich) and the University of Zurich, lead author of a review of the emerging field of computational psychiatry, published this month in Nature Neuroscience. Computational psychiatry sets forth the ambitious goal of using sophisticated numerical tools to understand and treat mental illness.