The cooperative hierarchical structure is a common and significant data structure observed in, or adopted by, many research areas, such as: text mining (author-paper-word) and multi-label classification (label-instance-feature). Renowned Bayesian approaches for cooperative hierarchical structure modeling are mostly based on topic models. However, these approaches suffer from a serious issue in that the number of hidden topics/factors needs to be fixed in advance and an inappropriate number may lead to overfitting or underfitting. One elegant way to resolve this issue is Bayesian nonparametric learning, but existing work in this area still cannot be applied to cooperative hierarchical structure modeling. In this paper, we propose a cooperative hierarchical Dirichlet process (CHDP) to fill this gap. Each node in a cooperative hierarchical structure is assigned a Dirichlet process to model its weights on the infinite hidden factors/topics. Together with measure inheritance from hierarchical Dirichlet process, two kinds of measure cooperation, i.e., superposition and maximization, are defined to capture the many-to-many relationships in the cooperative hierarchical structure. Furthermore, two constructive representations for CHDP, i.e., stick-breaking and international restaurant process, are designed to facilitate the model inference. Experiments on synthetic and real-world data with cooperative hierarchical structures demonstrate the properties and the ability of CHDP for cooperative hierarchical structure modeling and its potential for practical application scenarios.

Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) are important tools in statistical genetics. When used for feature selection, they allow to find a sparse set of genetic traits that best predict a continuous phenotype of interest, while simultaneously correcting for various confounding factors such as age, ethnicity and population structure. Formulated as models for linear regression, LMMs have been restricted to continuous phenotypes. We introduce the Sparse Probit Linear Mixed Model (Probit-LMM), where we generalize the LMM modeling paradigm to binary phenotypes. As a technical challenge, the model no longer possesses a closed-form likelihood function. In this paper, we present a scalable approximate inference algorithm that lets us fit the model to high-dimensional data sets. We show on three real-world examples from different domains that in the setup of binary labels, our algorithm leads to better prediction accuracies and also selects features which show less correlation with the confounding factors.

The doctrine of double effect ($\mathcal{DDE}$) is a long-studied ethical principle that governs when actions that have both positive and negative effects are to be allowed. The goal in this paper is to automate $\mathcal{DDE}$. We briefly present $\mathcal{DDE}$, and use a first-order modal logic, the deontic cognitive event calculus, as our framework to formalize the doctrine. We present formalizations of increasingly stronger versions of the principle, including what is known as the doctrine of triple effect. We then use our framework to simulate successfully scenarios that have been used to test for the presence of the principle in human subjects. Our framework can be used in two different modes: One can use it to build $\mathcal{DDE}$-compliant autonomous systems from scratch, or one can use it to verify that a given AI system is $\mathcal{DDE}$-compliant, by applying a $\mathcal{DDE}$ layer on an existing system or model. For the latter mode, the underlying AI system can be built using any architecture (planners, deep neural networks, bayesian networks, knowledge-representation systems, or a hybrid); as long as the system exposes a few parameters in its model, such verification is possible. The role of the $\mathcal{DDE}$ layer here is akin to a (dynamic or static) software verifier that examines existing software modules. Finally, we end by presenting initial work on how one can apply our $\mathcal{DDE}$ layer to the STRIPS-style planning model, and to a modified POMDP model.This is preliminary work to illustrate the feasibility of the second mode, and we hope that our initial sketches can be useful for other researchers in incorporating DDE in their own frameworks.

Prepare for the age of the driverless car and the robot that does the housework. That was the message from the World Economic Forum earlier this year as it hailed the start of a new industrial revolution. According to the WEF, the fourth big structural change in the past 250 years is upon us. The first industrial revolution was about water and steam. The second was about electricity and mass production.

"Predictions about technology increasingly become predictions about what disrupts our lives," said Erik van Ommeren, Research Director at Gartner, during this year's edition of DigitalK, one of the biggest technology, entrepreneurship, and marketing events in Southeastern Europe, which took place on June 8-9 in Sofia, Bulgaria. Every session of the event seemed to prove his words while making it clear that the future of technology is already here -- artificial intelligence is no longer a buzzword borrowed from sci-fi movies. It is here to stay and change our everyday lives. Organized by Capital, one of the leading business publications in Bulgaria, and the two venture capital funds, LAUNCHub Ventures and NEVEQ, the conference gathers around 2,500 business and marketing professionals and entrepreneurs from the region every year. Together, they map the impact new technologies will have on various spheres of our lives, from finance and transportation to productivity, culture, entrepreneurship, and education.

Spanish authorities say 33 people, including six children under 10 years old, have been injured in a roller coaster collision in Madrid. Emergency services say that 27 people needed hospital treatment for minor injuries when two roller coaster cars collided Sunday on the "Tren de la Mina" at Madrid's Parque de Atracciones theme park. Emergency services spokeswoman Carmen Camacho said that none of the injuries appeared to be serious. She said that the riders were treated for neck, back and stomach pains. Park representatives told Spanish news agency Europa Press that the roller coaster had passed a daily safety inspection Sunday morning.

It's a frightening thought, but there are many experts in the field of Alien visitation and space exploration who believe that the earth will be visited by a form of Alien Intelligence that is vastly superior to that of it's own. This seems to be something that all who have studied it agree upon even if they can't pin point exactly when it will happen. Some think it will be in 50 years while others claim it will happen in actually 20 instead. In any case, there is concern that this from of Alien Intelligence could be a potential threat to man kind. Yes, at first this AI could seem quite harmless, but there are predictions that once the AI starts to study the earth and its inhabitants, this could all change.

Patrick Tucker, Defense One: Russian Weapons Maker To Build AI-Directed Guns Kalashnikov's upcoming product shows how the US and Russia are on wildly different paths to autonomy. The maker of the famous AK-47 rifle is building "a range of products based on neural networks," including a "fully automated combat module" that can identify and shoot at its targets. That's what Kalashnikov spokeswoman Sofiya Ivanova told TASS, a Russian government information agency last week. It's the latest illustration of how the U.S. and Russia differ as they develop artificial intelligence and robotics for warfare. The Kalashnikov "combat module" will consist of a gun connected to a console that constantly crunches image data "to identify targets and make decisions," Ivanova told TASS. A Kalashnikov photo that ran with the TASS piece showed a turret-mounted weapon that appeared to fire rounds of 25mm or so.

"How are you doing today?" "What's going on in your world right now?" "How do you feel?" These might seem like simple questions a caring friend would ask. However, in the present day of mental health care, they can also be the start of a conversation with your virtual therapist. Innovative technology is offering new opportunities to millions of Americans affected by different mental health conditions. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are bringing psychotherapy to more people who need it.

Tennis - Wimbledon - London, Britain - July 16, 2017 Switzerland's Roger Federer celebrates winning the final against Croatia's Marin Cilic REUTERS/Toby Melville Reuters From 1877 to 1921 the men's singles was decided on a challenge-round system with the previous year's winner automatically qualifying for the final (British unless stated): Winner of all-comers' final declared champion. Not all U.S. presidents are missed once they leave the White House. The Tesla and SpaceX CEO urged governors to regulate artificial intelligence before it's too late. Administration officials traveled to Providence to gain support from key players like Gov. Brian Sandoval. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and other foreign leaders reached out to U.S. governors ahead of slated talks.