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A Bayesian Approach to Policy Recognition and State Representation Learning

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Learning from demonstration (LfD) is the process of building behavioral models of a task from demonstrations provided by an expert. These models can be used e.g. for system control by generalizing the expert demonstrations to previously unencountered situations. Most LfD methods, however, make strong assumptions about the expert behavior, e.g. they assume the existence of a deterministic optimal ground truth policy or require direct monitoring of the expert's controls, which limits their practical use as part of a general system identification framework. In this work, we consider the LfD problem in a more general setting where we allow for arbitrary stochastic expert policies, without reasoning about the optimality of the demonstrations. Following a Bayesian methodology, we model the full posterior distribution of possible expert controllers that explain the provided demonstration data. Moreover, we show that our methodology can be applied in a nonparametric context to infer the complexity of the state representation used by the expert, and to learn task-appropriate partitionings of the system state space.


Marcus Hutchins arrest: Computer expert who 'helped to end NHS cyber attack' charged with malware offences in US

The Independent - Tech

Nasa has announced that it has found evidence of flowing water on Mars. Scientists have long speculated that Recurring Slope Lineae -- or dark patches -- on Mars were made up of briny water but the new findings prove that those patches are caused by liquid water, which it has established by finding hydrated salts. Several hundred camped outside the London store in Covent Garden. The 6s will have new features like a vastly improved camera and a pressure-sensitive "3D Touch" display The car is displayed at Downing Street, when the team visited David Cameron to demonstrate the project. Artist's rendering of Nasa's LRO spacecraft, which will have to withstand a rapid drop in temperature during an upcoming lunar eclipse that could lead to it shutting down. The regulator will now charge far more to phone companies for using the mobile spectrum -- and though it says that fee will not be passed on to customers, experts have said that prices are likely to go up. Apple has released a bright pink new iPhone 6s -- likely the only way that you'll be able to tell that someone has the new handset. The company released the new phone with much fanfare, but almost all of the changes -- a new camera and pressure-sensitive display -- were on the inside. The only new noticeable addition to the phone's look is the very pink rose gold colour, and a tiny "S" on the back.


A Hack Can Turn an Amazon Echo Into a Wiretap

WIRED

Every good paranoiac sees an always-listening device like an Amazon Echo as a potential spy sitting in plain sight. Now one security researcher has shown exactly how fine the line is between countertop computer and surveillance tool. With just a few minutes of hands-on time, a hacker could turn an Echo into a personal eavesdropping microphone without leaving any physical trace. On Tuesday, British security researcher Mark Barnes detailed a technique anyone can use to install malware on an Amazon Echo, along with his proof-of-concept code that would silently stream audio from the hacked device to his own faraway server. The technique requires gaining physical access to the target Echo, and it works only on devices sold before 2017.


Top 3 Breakthroughs in Combating Financial Crime

@machinelearnbot

In times of political and economic change, financial crime and corruption tend to grow fast. The shock of Brexit, terrorist attacks, the revolution in the Islamic world and other factors create an environment that is demanding for change. AI and Analytics driven solutions have been widely adopted across different industries for various purposes. However, only a handful of banks around the world are working with advanced analytics and artificial intelligence technologies to improve their risk and compliance activities. As the world enters into an era of high uncertainty, the upcoming years will see financial institutions adopt and deploy best-in-class analytics powered tools as part of their efforts to remain fully compliant and to combat financial crime.


Steve the 'suicidal security robot' will live again

Daily Mail - Science & tech

On his first day at work as a security guard, Steve was greeted warmly, drawing attention from passersby, including some taking selfies with him at the tony retail-residential complex he patrolled. Then he fell into the fountain. Steve was a security robot employed by the Washington Harbour center in the Georgetown district of the US capital. Rosie, a five-foot (1.5 meter) tall outdoor K5 security robot, has taken up patrols at the Washington Harbour retail-residential center after her predecessor Steve fell into the fountain It was thought that STEVE threw itself into the fountain to ends its life. We now know his demise was just the result of a malfunction.


62% of cybersecurity experts believe AI will be weaponized in next year

#artificialintelligence

Some 62% of security experts believe that artificial intelligence (AI) will be weaponized and used for cyberattacks within the next 12 months, a Cylance survey released Tuesday found. This makes the growth of AI a double-edge sword, according to Cylance's blog post on the finding. "While AI may be the best hope for slowing the tide of cyberattacks and breaches, it may also create more advanced attacker tactics in the short-term," the post said. While the majority of those surveyed said that they felt there was a high possibility that AI would be used offensively, 32% said that there wasn't a possibility of that happening, and 6% said they didn't know. It was noted, however, that the potential use of AI as an offensive weapon wouldn't slow the use of AI as a defensive tool.


Swedish banks embrace artificial intelligence as a cure to closures

#artificialintelligence

Aida is the perfect employee: always courteous, always learning and, as she says, "always at work, 24/7, 365 days a year." Aida, of course, is not a person but a virtual customer-service representative that SEB AB, one of Sweden's biggest banks, is rolling out. The goal is to give the actual humans more time to engage in more complex tasks. After blazing a trail in online and digital banking, Sweden's financial industry is now emerging as a pioneer in the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Besides Aida at SEB, there's Nova, which is a chatbot Nordea Bank is introducing at its life and pensions unit in Norway.


Artificial skin could allow robots to feel like we do

Robohub

Artificial skin with post-human sensing capabilities, and a better understanding of skin tissue, could pave the way for robots that can feel, smart-transplants and even cyborgs. Few people would immediately recognise the skin as our bodies' largest organ, but the adult human has on average two square metres of it. It's also one of the most important organs and is full of nerve endings that provide us with instant reports of temperature, pressure and pain. So far the best attempts to copy this remarkable organ have resulted in experimental skin with sensor arrays that, at best, can only measure one particular stimulus. But the SmartCore project, funded by the EU's European Research Council and at the Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in Austria, hopes to create a material that responds to multiple stimuli.


Sky VIP loyalty programme will give people free things if they stay with TV company

The Independent - Tech

Sky has just announced Sky VIP, a loyalty programme where length of tenure decides your benefits. Unlike many schemes of this nature, which are designed to draw in new customers and keep them loyal, this one goes out of its way to reward existing customers, and the longer you've been with Sky, the better the deal. There are four levels: Silver, Gold, Platinum and Black. The I.F.O. is fuelled by eight electric engines, which is able to push the flying object to an estimated top speed of about 120mph. The giant human-like robot bears a striking resemblance to the military robots starring in the movie'Avatar' and is claimed as a world first by its creators from a South Korean robotic company Waseda University's saxophonist robot WAS-5, developed by professor Atsuo Takanishi and Kaptain Rock playing one string light saber guitar perform jam session A man looks at an exhibit entitled'Mimus' a giant industrial robot which has been reprogrammed to interact with humans during a photocall at the new Design Museum in South Kensington, London Electrification Guru Dr. Wolfgang Ziebart talks about the electric Jaguar I-PACE concept SUV before it was unveiled before the Los Angeles Auto Show in Los Angeles, California, U.S The Jaguar I-PACE Concept car is the start of a new era for Jaguar.


People's internet browsing histories including porn viewing habits and drug purchases can easily be bought online

The Independent - Tech

Your internet browsing history, including some of your darkest secrets, could be easily available to buy online. Companies are gathering data on everywhere people go online and then making that available to buy cheaply. Most people are probably being tracked by the "clickstreams", which gather data using internet browsers about where people have been. Researchers have showed that a German judge's porn browsing history and a politician's drug purchases were both easily found with data brought freely online. The I.F.O. is fuelled by eight electric engines, which is able to push the flying object to an estimated top speed of about 120mph.