There has been much interest in recent years in the problem of dueling bandits, where on each round the learner plays a pair of arms and receives as feedback the outcome of a relative pairwise comparison between them.

Iterative refinement models, such as diffusion generative models and flow matching methods [Sohl-Dickstein et al., 2015, Ho et al., 2020, Song et al., 2020, Lipman et al., 2023, Albergo and V anden-Eijnden, 2023], have seen increasing popularity in recent months, and much effort has been invested

This allows for local interpretation of the agent's intention based on its behavioural policy.

In order to explore the impact of pandemics on people's lives, itiscrucial to understand the public'sconcerns and attitudes towards pandemicrelated entities (e.g., drugs, vaccines) onsocial media.