A London doctor controlled robotic surgical arms in Gibraltar to perform prostate cancer telesurgery in near real time from 1,500 miles away.

Adapting to dynamic data distributions is a practical yet challenging task.

Surgical video-language pretraining (VLP) faces unique challenges due to the knowledge domain gap and the scarcity of multi-modal data.

Recent works (Chen et al., 2022; Suzuki et al., 2023b) have demonstrated In this work, we improve the dependence on logarithmic Sobolev inequality (LSI) constants in their particle approximation errors which can exponentially deteriorate with the regularization coefficient. One may consider adding Gaussian noise to the gradient descent to make the method more stable.

Finally, we integrate the results from both branches to achieve WSI classification.

Before that, it is crucial to develop benchmarks to evaluate L VLMs' effectiveness in various medical applications.