Elon Musk is determined to reshape the world by transforming his excellent outside-the-box ideas into viable products and services. His AI inventions are providing top-notch services to the global market efficiently. Genius is always in search of new ideas using AI and its sub-fields to strive for success. Let's dig into the latest AI innovations that can transform the world into a better place. Elon Musk achieved success by implementing Neuralink in a Gyek pig known as Gertrude in August 2020.

Hello, today I'd like to explain briefly how we use artificial intelligence to count sunflower seeds in a photo taken with a mobile device. Agenda: 1. Business needs 2. Data preparation 3. Model structure 4. Used libs and tools 5. Results 6. Error analysis 7. Fails/Hypotheses 8. Conclusion 9. References Fortunately for me, I am working at Kernel. Where I am developing Computer Vision (CV) and other models to solve business problems and challenges. One of them is to count seeds on sunflower.

We propose a novel approach to the problem of semantic heterogeneity where data are organized into a set of stratified and independent representation layers, namely: conceptual (where a set of unique alinguistic identifiers are connected inside a graph codifying their meaning), language (where sets of synonyms, possibly from multiple languages, annotate concepts), knowledge (in the form of a graph where nodes are entity types and links are properties), and data (in the form of a graph of entities populating the previous knowledge graph). This allows us to state the problem of semantic heterogeneity as a problem of Representation Diversity where the different types of heterogeneity, viz. Conceptual, Language, Knowledge, and Data, are uniformly dealt within each single layer, independently from the others. In this paper we describe the proposed stratified representation of data and the process by which data are first transformed into the target representation, then suitably integrated and then, finally, presented to the user in her preferred format. The proposed framework has been evaluated in various pilot case studies and in a number of industrial data integration problems.

We assume that substances in the world are represented by two types of concepts, namely substance concepts and classification concepts, the former instrumental to (visual) perception, the latter to (language based) classification. Based on this distinction, we introduce a general methodology for building lexico-semantic hierarchies of substance concepts, where nodes are annotated with the media, e.g., videos or photos, from which substance concepts are extracted, and are associated with the corresponding classification concepts. The methodology is based on Ranganathan's original faceted approach, contextualized to the problem of classifying substance concepts. The key novelty is that the hierarchy is built exploiting the visual properties of substance concepts, while the linguistically defined properties of classification concepts are only used to describe substance concepts. The validity of the approach is exemplified by providing some highlights of an ongoing project whose goal is to build a large scale multimedia multilingual concept hierarchy.

As an important part of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Question Answering (QA) aims at generating answers to questions phrased in natural language. While there has been substantial progress in open-domain question answering, QA systems are still struggling to answer questions which involve geographic entities or concepts and that require spatial operations. In this paper, we discuss the problem of geographic question answering (GeoQA). We first investigate the reasons why geographic questions are difficult to answer by analyzing challenges of geographic questions. We discuss the uniqueness of geographic questions compared to general QA. Then we review existing work on GeoQA and classify them by the types of questions they can address. Based on this survey, we provide a generic classification framework for geographic questions. Finally, we conclude our work by pointing out unique future research directions for GeoQA.

On May 14, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ship Okeanos Explorer will depart from Port Canaveral in Florida on a two-week expedition led by NOAA Ocean Exploration, featuring the technology demonstration of an autonomous underwater vehicle. Called Orpheus, this new class of submersible robot will showcase a system that will help it find its way and identify interesting scientific features on the seafloor. Terrain-relative navigation was instrumental in helping NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance Mars rover make its precision touch down on the Red Planet on Feb. 18. The system allowed the descending robot to visually map the Martian landscape, identify hazards, and then choose a safe place to land without human assistance. In a similar way, the agency's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter uses a vision-based navigation system to track surface features on the ground during flight in order to estimate its movements across the Martian surface.

Welcome back to the "Life in 2050" series! So far, we've looked at how ongoing developments in science, technology, and geopolitics will be reflected in terms of warfare and the economy. Today, we are shifting gears a little and looking at how the turbulence of this century will affect the way people live from day to day. As noted in the previous two installments, changes in the 21st century will be driven by two major factors. These include the disruption caused by rapidly accelerating technological progress, and the disruption caused by rising global temperatures, and the environmental impact this will have (aka. These factors will be pulling the world in opposite directions, and simultaneously at that.

The US Air Force conducted a flight test that paves the way for AI-piloted fighter jets to man the skies. The military group flew its Skyborg Autonomy Core System (ACS) for two hours and 10 minutes over Florida and Gulf of Mexico on April 29. The technology is a combination of hardware and software designed to act as a brain for a drone, allowing it to conduct operations without human interference. Fitted to a Kratos UTAP-22 tactical unmanned vehicle, the ACS demonstrated basic aviation capabilities and responded to navigational commands, while reacting to geo-fences, adhering to aircraft flight envelopes and demonstrating coordinated maneuvering. The US Air Force conducted a flight test that paves the way for AI-piloted fighter jets to man the skies.

Following the successful landing of SN15, SpaceX now plans to attempt to fly a Starship prototype into orbit. In a filing with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the company details how it hopes its next test flight will unfold. According to the document, a Starship craft fitted with a Super Heavy booster will lift from the company's Boca Chica, Texas launch facility. Approximately three minutes into the flight, the booster stage will separate and splash down in the Gulf of Mexico about 20 miles from shore. The Starship rocket will pass over the Straits of Florida before entering orbit and then returning to Earth and attempting to make a soft ocean landing approximately 62 miles off the northwest coast of Kauai.

SCI COMMUN ### Conservation President Joe Biden's administration moved last week to overturn a regulation adopted by his predecessor that eliminated sanctions against companies whose operations accidentally kill migratory birds. Trump administration officials had said the fines should be reserved for intentional deaths—an interpretation that broke with long-standing policy and would have prevented, for example, any penalties against the companies responsible for the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that killed as many as 1 million birds. Wildlife biologists have said the original, broader enforcement was essential to curtail steep declines in populations of 1100 bird species covered by the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Biden's administration would replace Trump's regulation with a new one, which could take months to finalize. Conservation advocates have long proposed a permitting program that would protect companies from legal action for accidental deaths if they adopt practices and technology shown to prevent most bird deaths. ### Energy ![Figure][1] CREDITS: (GRAPHIC) N. CARY/ SCIENCE ; (DATA) GLOBAL ENERGY REVIEW 2021 , IEA Electricity production from renewable sources, led by solar photovoltaics and wind, continued years of steady growth globally during the COVID-19 pandemic, a report says. The production grew 7% in 2020, even as overall demand for electricity dropped and generation from fossil fuels declined. This year, as social restrictions ease and demand climbs, renewable electricity is expected to increase by 8%, the International Energy Agency said last month in its Global Energy Review 2021 . Overall, production from renewables, especially in China, is forecast to provide half the total increase in electricity this year. But power from fossil fuels will grow as well, and analysts say the switch away from coal and other carbon-emitting energy sources is not happening fast enough to reduce the effects of global warming. ### COVID-19 In a move that promises to increase the meager supply of COVID-19 vaccines in poorer countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) last week gave a Chinese-made product the green light. Sinopharm, which makes its vaccine by chemically inactivating the pandemic coronavirus, received an Emergency Use Listing (EUL), a designation WHO gives after reviewing efficacy, safety, and manufacturing practices. It allows the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility, a global consortium promoting equity in vaccine distribution, to purchase and distribute Sinopharm's vaccine. COVAX and Sinopharm are still negotiating a price, and the company says it can increase production. More than 65 million doses have already been administered in 45 countries that have authorized its use. COVAX has struggled to buy affordable vaccines that have EULs—most are too expensive, or supplies were prepurchased by other countries. To date, COVAX has shipped fewer than 60 million doses. ### Vaccines After a protracted internal debate, the Biden administration last week said it supports a proposed international agreement to waive patents on the intellectual property used to make COVID-19 vaccines. The move was hailed by advocates of increased vaccine access and fairness in their distribution, who contend that it will attract new companies to help alleviate a global shortage and reduce costs. But many health officials and vaccinemakers caution that it will not increase supply for many months and that newcomers who want to produce the vaccines face bottlenecks including a lack of technical know-how and widespread shortage of raw materials. ### Public health U.S. regulators on 10 May authorized Pfizer and BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine for use in children ages 12 to 15, expanding availability beyond older teens and adults. The go-ahead is the first in the United States for this age group and a key step in restarting in-person schooling, team sports, and other group activities. The decision by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was expected after the companies announced in March results from a trial of 2260 adolescents in that age group; 18 who received a placebo developed COVID-19 versus none who received the vaccine. Pfizer has said it expects to obtain safety and efficacy data from clinical trials studying children ages 2 to 11 by September, when it plans to ask FDA to permit use in that age group. A small fraction of all Americans who have died from COVID-19 were under age 18, and children who contract COVID-19 tend to have milder symptoms, but some face long-term health problems. However, many U.S. parents remain hesitant to vaccinate their children because of misinformation and because FDA has only authorized COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use, not given them full approval. ### Virology The World Health Organization (WHO) on 10 May designated as a variant of concern a version of the pandemic coronavirus first identified in India in February. Evidence suggests the variant, B.1.617, now found in about 40 countries, is more transmissible than original strains of SARS-CoV-2, WHO said. It is the fourth variant to receive this WHO designation, following ones first found in Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. ### Governance To be better prepared for the next pandemic, the world needs a Global Health Threats Council akin to the United Nations Security Council, which would bring together country leaders from different regions along with representatives of the private sector and civil society, according to the first comprehensive review of the global response to COVID-19, released on 12 May. The 13-member Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, which was commissioned by the World Health Organization, also proposes creating an International Pandemic Financing Facility with annual funding of $5 billion to $10 billion and giving WHO a bigger budget, more independence, and new powers to investigate outbreaks anywhere in the world, among many other recommendations. The panel was led by two former heads of state, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia and Helen Clark of New Zealand, and included public health specialists, diplomats, and economists. “Pandemics pose potential existential threats to humanity and must be elevated to the highest level,” says the report, COVID-19: Make it the Last Pandemic . ### Public attitudes U.S. adults voice varying support for rules by governments and businesses that could require people to prove they received a COVID-19 vaccine before certain in-person activities, such as attending crowded events or entering their office, a Gallup poll reported last week. Most of the 3731 respondents surveyed in April favored proof to travel by airplane (57%) and attend large events such as concerts (55%). But support dipped below a majority for requiring proof to enter one's workplace (45%) or dine indoors at a restaurant (40%). Responses differed by political party affiliation and willingness to be vaccinated. ### Leadership Nancy Messonnier, a top official at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who drew the ire of former President Donald Trump in February 2020 for her unvarnished public warning about the impending coronavirus pandemic, will leave the agency on 14 May, she told colleagues last week in an email. Two weeks before the email, she had been reassigned from heading CDC's COVID-19 task force, Politico reported. She will join the Skoll Foundation as executive director for pandemics and health systems. At CDC since 1995, Messonnier led the launch of a low-cost meningitis vaccine in Africa and rose to head the agency's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. After she warned at a press conference 15 months ago that the pandemic might severely sicken many Americans, stock markets plunged, and she did not appear at any subsequent White House briefings. ### Seismology One of the largest seismic research projects in history, used to study structures in Earth's crust and mantle as deep as 3000 kilometers, is ending its run. Begun in 2004 and funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, the several hundred seismic stations of the Transportable Array collected earthquake data as a way of peering deep inside Earth. The stations were deployed at first in the western states and then were moved east across the country every few years. In 2017, the project's final phase began when the network was transported to Alaska. Pandemic-related delays prompted an extra year of operation, but in early May, more than 80 stations went dark, awaiting collection this summer. Another 100 will remain in Alaska, many of them in remote, previously unmonitored regions, filling gaps in the state's seismic coverage. ### Drug development A psychedelic drug has passed a major milestone by showing evidence of benefit as a supplement to talk therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), researchers report this week. The results came from the first phase 3 clinical trial combining psychotherapy with the drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), popularly called ecstasy, for people with severe, chronic PTSD. The study, sponsored by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), recruited 90 people to receive talk therapy during 15 sessions, including three “experimental” ones in which they received either MDMA or a placebo. The MDMA group saw significantly greater improvements on a PTSD symptom scale, the researchers said in Nature Medicine . Two months after the final experimental session, 67% of those who got MDMA no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, versus 32% of those who got a placebo. MAPS aims to confirm those benefits in a 100-person trial now enrolling volunteers and, in 2023, to seek approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for MDMA-assisted therapy. ### Conservation Researchers are pressing Chile's government to increase protections for whales along its coast against deadly ship collisions. After three whales were found dead during just 8 days in April, 65 Chilean marine mammal specialists issued a public plea for the government to act. They called for rerouting ships away from sensitive regions, setting speed limits, and establishing an alert system to warn vessel pilots of nearby whales. Hundreds of vessels plying Chilean waters pose significant threats to the estimated 40% of the world's cetacean species that frequent them, researchers say. In 2008, Chile declared its entire 6500-kilometer-long coastline a whale sanctuary. But the country's protections for marine mammals still exist only on paper or lack details. The government says it is working to increase safety measures. But researchers say it must commit adequate funding to succeed. ### Space science NASA marked two milestones this week—the final tests on Earth of its next marquee space telescope, and the start of a long journey home for a trove of asteroid rocks. NASA engineers are wrapping up testing on the giant gold-tinted mirror of the James Webb Space Telescope. Afterward, the long-delayed, $9 billion observatory will be shipped off to French Guiana for launch on 31 October. Also this week, NASA's OSIRIS-REx probe began its 2-year flight back to Earth from the asteroid Bennu, carrying up to 400 grams of rocky chunks the spacecraft collected from its surface. It will be the largest U.S. haul of rocks collected in space since the Apollo program, and NASA's first from an asteroid. ### Aquaculture Nutrition expert Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted was awarded the World Food Prize this week for research that used aquaculture to improve the diets of millions of people across Asia and Africa. Thilsted, who began her career at Trinidad and Tobago's Ministry of Agriculture, Land & Fisheries, now heads nutrition research at WorldFish, a nonprofit research center in Penang state in Malaysia. In Bangladesh, she studied small, native fish species widely eaten by farmers. Thilsted identified micronutrients the fish contain and their valuable role in the healthy development of infants and toddlers; adding these fish also helps the body absorb other micronutrients in rice and vegetables. She developed ways to cheaply raise fish, combining large and small species in ponds, which increases production. These methods have helped make Bangladesh one of the world's top aquaculture producers. [1]: pending:yes