The knowledge gradient (KG) algorithm is a popular policy for the best arm identification (BAI) problem. It is built on the simple idea of always choosing the measurement that yields the greatest expected one-step improvement in the estimate of the best mean of the arms.

In recent years, a large number of algorithms for label integration and noise correction have been proposed to infer the unknown true labels of instances in crowdsourcing.

Algorithmic stability is a major theme in learning theory, where seminal results have firmly established its close relationship with generalization. Recent research has further highlighted the intricate interplay between stability and additional properties of interest beyond statistical generalization.

Large language models (LLMs) are considered a crucial technology for advancing intelligent education since they exhibit the potential for an in-depth understanding of teaching scenarios and providing students with personalized guidance. Nonetheless, current LLM-based application in personalized teaching predominantly follows a "Question-Answering" paradigm, where students are passively provided with answers and explanations. In this paper, we propose SocraticLM, which achieves a Socratic "Thought-Provoking" teaching paradigm that fulfills the role of a real classroom teacher in actively engaging students in the thought

We provide the detailed of the PQ retrieval performance trends of Glint360K trained using the CosFace loss in Tab. 1.

Then momentum acceleration is also introduced into our dual accelerating update step.

Then momentum acceleration is also introduced into our dual accelerating update step.

With advances in the quality of text-to-image (T2I) models has come interest in benchmarking their prompt faithfulness --the semantic coherence of generated images to the prompts they were conditioned on. A variety of T2I faithfulness metrics have been proposed, leveraging advances in cross-modal embeddings and vision-language models (VLMs).

That is, DOS is not solely determined by the crystalline material but also by the energy levels, which has been neglected in previous works. In this paper, we propose to integrate heterogeneous information obtained from the crystalline materials and the energies via a multi-modal transformer, thereby modeling the complex relationships between the atoms in the crystalline materials and various energy levels for DOS prediction. Moreover, we propose to utilize prompts to guide the model to learn the crystal structural system-specific interactions between crystalline materials and energies. Extensive experiments on two types of DOS, i.e., Phonon DOS and Electron DOS, with various real-world scenarios demonstrate the superiority of DOST ransformer .