In a 1977 article, the late AI pioneer Allen Newell foresaw a time when the entire man-made world would be permeated by systems that cushioned us from dangers and increased our abilities: smart vehicles, roads, bridges, homes, offices, appliances, even clothes. Systems built around AI components will increasingly monitor financial transactions, predict physical phenomena and economic trends, control regional transportation systems, and plan military and industrial operations. Basic research on common sense reasoning, representing knowledge, perception, learning, and planning is advancing rapidly, and will lead to smarter versions of current applications and to entirely new applications. As computers become ever cheaper, smaller, and more powerful, AI capabilities will spread into nearly all industrial, governmental, and consumer applications. Moreover, AI has a long history of producing valuable spin-off technologies.

Bridge Baron is a computer program that plays bridge. It won the 1997 world championship of computer bridge, the Baron Barclay World Bridge Computer Challenge, as reported in The New York Times and The Washington Post. The five-day competition, which was hosted by the American Contract Bridge League in July 1997, included five computer programs, from the US, Japan, and Germany. The Bridge Baron won every head-to-head match that it played against the other programs.

In: Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks: Steps Toward Principled Integration. Uhr, L. Toward Integrated Cognitive Systems, Which Must Make Fuzzy Decisions About Fuzzy Problems. In: Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks: Steps Toward Principled Integration. Uhr, L. Toward Integrated Cognitive Systems, Which Must Make Fuzzy Decisions About Fuzzy Problems.

For the past two decades or so, we have been involved with the design and development of numerous Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in Hong Kong. These expert systems deal with AI scheduling, optimization, or rostering. This site contains success stories of various AI systems developed for a wide variety of industries in Hong Kong, such as transportation, government, health, and food. These operations research (OR) related problems are solved using advanced Artificial Intelligence algorithms and techniques combined with robust and scalable fault-tolerant architectures. Many large corporations in Hong Kong depend on our AI technology to streamline their day-to-day operations and maximize their productivity and quality of service/product - companies like the MTR, Immigration Department, Hospital Authority, etc. Watch how MTR uses AI, developed by Dr. Chun, to schedule the precious "golden 2 hours" for the critical RailGen 2.0 project.

Optimizing the utilization of berth space in a container yard has a direct impact to operations bottom line. Each additional container vessel that it can handle may add millions to revenue. Our optimization software not only captures business and operational rules and constraints, it also allows the user to perform what-if analysis and problem solving. Using optimization and resource allocation technologies plus dynamic decision-making and problem solving-capabilities, we were able to show an increase in overall productivity and efficiency in the container yard. Modern Terminals Limited is the longest established and one of the leading container terminal operators in Hong Kong, opening the territory's first purpose-built container terminal in September 1972.

Warning: This web page was originally constructed to help computer science students who were taking my module on natural language processing. Some terms may be used differently by different authors. Unless otherwise stated, definitions are based on the English language. If you find any errors, please e-mail me at p.coxhead@cs.bham.ac.uk. The verb in an active sentence can be said to be in the active voice. Examples are colourless and green which qualify ideas in Colourless green ideas sleep furiously. Adjectives can also appear after verbs like be, e.g. Examples are furiously which qualifies the verb sleep in Colourless green ideas sleep furiously, or intensely which qualifies stared in He stared at me intensely. Adverbs can also qualify adjectives, e.g. Many English adverbs are formed from an adjective plus the ending -ly. Words like very, which can only qualify adjectives or adverbs but not verbs, are sometimes called adverbs, but are perhaps best put in a separate category. In its broadest sense, an affix can be a prefix, a suffix, or an infix. More narrowly, infixes are sometimes treated separately. The stop and fricative must be produced in a very similar positions in the mouth.

Do they really not have any understanding of the differences between the role of money and the role of deep analysis of problems combined with careful research and experiment to find good solutions? Insofar as many of those ministers have university degrees, I suppose that is just another manifestation of the inadequacies of the educational policies of previous governments, alongside the inadequacies of the processes of selection of ministers? There are four concepts of freewill (two of them incoherent and the other two compatible with determinism). Why Asimov's "laws of robotics" are unethical. Why Computing Education has Failed and How to Fix it Comments on the NHS IT disaster and suggestions for an alternative approach.

Jan Krikke After 50 years of research and tinkering, machine translation might be ready to compete with human translators. Several companies have announced breakthroughs or substantial progress in MT research in recent months. In January, for example, Steven Klein, CEO of New York-based Meaningful Machines, announced that his company successfully tested new translation algorithms that he says could lead to translation engines replacing human translators. "While our current prototype is already outperforming other systems on limited resources," says Klein, "we expect to see significant improvement to our quality as both the target language corpus and the dictionary continue to increase in size, with a realistic goal of reaching human quality." "Although the prototype is only partially complete," says Klein, "we recently began blind testing from Spanish to English, and our system is already performing at higher quality levels on the BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) scale than any system we are aware of--0.6092. Systran, whose Spanish-to-English system is one of the best, scored a 0.5494 when we ran it through the same test, and the Systran system has been through many decades of development and incremental improvements." Meaningful Machines' test has not been independently verified, and the goal of reaching near-human quality translation will probably depend on some degree of pre- and post-editing for years to come. But, the growing number of global corporations (such as Philips, Samsung, and HP) and international agencies and institutions (such as the UN and the European Commission) using the technology illustrates that machine translation--the first nonnumerical application of AI--is finally delivering practical solutions. Popular perception of MT has suffered from low-quality "gisting" translation that Web-based translation engines, such as Babelfish and other online services, generate. But MT engines designed for limited domains, and tailor-made systems that use controlled language, are already delivering services. The site makes available a wealth of information previously inaccessible to non-Japanese speakers. MT has also made it to the desktop. The system is self-learning--it improves over time as its associative memory grows.

Google has assembled a team of experts trying to craft a quantum computer Financial services, machine learning and other industries could benefit Quantum computing especially useful for complex "optimization" problems It depends on mind-bending physics and ultra-cold temperatures but quantum computing could bring about a new era in processing power that promises to revolutionize everything from artificial intelligence to high finance. The field of quantum computing is still in its infancy but it was given a sizable boost when Google announced in September that it is partnering with experts from the University of California Santa Barbara to develop quantum computing technology as part of its Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab team. The project also sees Google pairing up with NASA and the Universities Space Research Association to create technology that could become the world's fastest supercomputer. In a traditional computer, circuits are either on or off, and use binary code of ones and zeros for solving problems. A quantum computer uses quantum bits -- called qubits -- and has circuits which exist in all possible states at the same time -- a one, a zero and everything in between.