Africa
ESDS: AI-Powered Early Stunting Detection and Monitoring System using Edited Radius-SMOTE Algorithm
Pramana, A. A. Gde Yogi, Zidan, Haidar Muhammad, Maulana, Muhammad Fazil, Natan, Oskar
Stunting detection is a significant issue in Indonesian healthcare, causing lower cognitive function, lower productivity, a weakened immunity, delayed neuro-development, and degenerative diseases. In regions with a high prevalence of stunting and limited welfare resources, identifying children in need of treatment is critical. The diagnostic process often raises challenges, such as the lack of experience in medical workers, incompatible anthropometric equipment, and inefficient medical bureaucracy. To counteract the issues, the use of load cell sensor and ultrasonic sensor can provide suitable anthropometric equipment and streamline the medical bureaucracy for stunting detection. This paper also employs machine learning for stunting detection based on sensor readings. The experiment results show that the sensitivity of the load cell sensor and the ultrasonic sensor is 0.9919 and 0.9986, respectively. Also, the machine learning test results have three classification classes, which are normal, stunted, and stunting with an accuracy rate of 98\%.
PTD-SQL: Partitioning and Targeted Drilling with LLMs in Text-to-SQL
Luo, Ruilin, Wang, Liyuan, Lin, Binghuai, Lin, Zicheng, Yang, Yujiu
Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for Text-to-SQL tasks, exhibiting remarkable reasoning capabilities. Different from tasks such as math word problems and commonsense reasoning, SQL solutions have a relatively fixed pattern. This facilitates the investigation of whether LLMs can benefit from categorical thinking, mirroring how humans acquire knowledge through inductive reasoning based on comparable examples. In this study, we propose that employing query group partitioning allows LLMs to focus on learning the thought processes specific to a single problem type, consequently enhancing their reasoning abilities across diverse difficulty levels and problem categories. Our experiments reveal that multiple advanced LLMs, when equipped with PTD-SQL, can either surpass or match previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on the Spider and BIRD datasets. Intriguingly, models with varying initial performances have exhibited significant improvements, mainly at the boundary of their capabilities after targeted drilling, suggesting a parallel with human progress. Code is available at https://github.com/lrlbbzl/PTD-SQL.
The Multiple Ways Climate Change Threatens to Make Migraines Worse
Migraine sufferers are often triggered by the weather, and research suggests warming temperatures and more extreme weather events worsen attacks. Migraines have long had an intimate relationship with the elements. Alongside stress and hormones, fluctuations in meteorological conditions are one of the most commonly cited triggers for an attack. "Patients will often say that they can predict the weather," says Vincent Martin, director of the Headache and Facial Pain Center at University of Cincinnati and president of the US National Headache Foundation. They may foresee rainfall two or three days out, as a blossoming migraine alerts them to a drop in barometric pressure.
Antarctica's 'Doomsday Glacier' is on the verge of COLLAPSING: Huge ice sheet the size of Great Britain could cause global sea levels to rise by 2 FEET, study warns
The suspect in Charlie Kirk's assassination has been captured, FBI director Kash Patel announced MSNBC sparks outrage for'disgusting' Charlie Kirk comments following Utah shooting Tragedy as Charlie Kirk's wife left behind with two young children after conservative activist is fatally shot A DEI mayor, an inconvenient crime and video they never wanted you to see: MAUREEN CALLAHAN knows why the Left has sympathy for that killer... but none for his victim Sweater weather starts here - the cozy, chic pieces from Soft Surroundings you'll actually wear all season We only had one symptom we dismissed... but then we were diagnosed with the rarest form of melanoma Soft-touch prosecutor let felon walk free... before crook'slit Auburn professor's throat in random attack' I tried the 30 cent'miracle chill pill' before a big event.. now I'm taking it for everything Donald Trump and House Republicans lead prayers for Charlie Kirk's family after conservative star is fatally shot Prince Harry says his father King Charles is'great' following their first meeting in 19 months... which was over a cup of tea and just 55 minutes long Liberal media defends thug who killed Ukrainian woman in cold blood: 'This man was hurting' Knifeman accused of stabbing Ukrainian refugee to death gives chilling reason for the attack... as he speaks for the first time from jail on the murder that shocked America Fox News reveals new lineup and elevates star White House reporter who's sparred with Trump Horrific new details of passenger injuries after they were'thrown' around Delta flight during'severe turbulence' Antarctica's'Doomsday Glacier' is on the verge of COLLAPSING: Huge ice sheet the size of Great Britain could cause global sea levels to rise by 2 FEET, study warns READ MORE: 'Doomsday Glacier' melting'much faster' than previously thought With the potential to cause sea levels across the planet to rise, it's no wonder the Thwaites Glacier has earned the nickname the'Doomsday Glacier.' Now, scientists have revealed concerning findings about how and when the glacier could collapse. Researchers from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) used underwater robots to take new measurements of the glacier, which is the same size as Great Britain. The data indicates that the Thwaites Glacier and much of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet could be lost entirely by the 23rd century. Worryingly, if it collapses entirely, the experts say global sea levels would rise by two feet (65cm) - plunging huge areas underwater. With the potential to cause seas across the planet to rise, it's no wonder the Thwaites Glacier has earned the nickname the'Doomsday Glacier' The Thwaites Glacier is roughly 74.5 miles (120km) across - the same size as Great Britain or Florida - making it the widest glacier on the planet Ice shelf connected to Antarctic's doomsday glacier is CRACKING The Thwaites Glacier is roughly 74.5 miles (120km) across - the same size as Great Britain or Florida.
'Meeting a real-life cyborg was gobsmacking'
'Meeting a real-life cyborg was gobsmacking' For the past 20 years, self-declared cyborg artist Neil Harbisson has provoked debate with his eyeborg - a surgically attached antenna. Harbisson, who grew up in Barcelona, is colour blind, having been born with the rare condition achromatopsia, which affects one in 33,000 people. This means he sees in what he calls greyscale - only black, white and shades of grey. But he decided to have surgery in 2004 which changed his life - and his senses - attaching an antenna to the back of his head, which transforms light waves into sounds. When film director Carey Born came across Harbisson, classed by Guinness World Records as the first officially recognised'cyborg', she was gobsmacked and astonished.
Time Distributed Deep Learning models for Purely Exogenous Forecasting. Application to Water Table Depth Prediction using Weather Image Time Series
Salis, Matteo, Atto, Abdourrahmane M., Ferraris, Stefano, Meo, Rosa
Groundwater resources are one of the most relevant elements in the water cycle, therefore developing models to accurately predict them is a pivotal task in the sustainable resources management framework. Deep Learning (DL) models have been revealed very effective in hydrology, especially by feeding spatially distributed data (e.g. raster data). In many regions, hydrological measurements are difficult to obtain regularly or periodically in time, and in some cases, last available data are not up to date. Reversely, weather data, which significantly impacts water resources, are usually more available and with higher quality. More specifically, we have proposed two different DL models to predict the water table depth in the Grana-Maira catchment (Piemonte, IT) using only exogenous weather image time series. To deal with the image time series, both models are made of a first Time Distributed Convolutional Neural Network (TDC) which encodes the image available at each time step into a vectorial representation. The first model, TDC-LSTM uses then a Sequential Module based on an LSTM layer to learn temporal relations and output the predictions. The second model, TDC-UnPWaveNet uses instead a new version of the WaveNet architecture, adapted here to output a sequence shorter and completely shifted in the future with respect to the input one. To this aim, and to deal with the different sequence lengths in the UnPWaveNet, we have designed a new Channel Distributed layer, that acts like a Time Distributed one but on the channel dimension, i.e. applying the same set of operations to each channel of the input. TDC-LSTM and TDC-UnPWaveNet have shown both remarkable results. However, the two models have focused on different learnable information: TDC-LSTM has focused more on lowering the bias, while the TDC-UnPWaveNet has focused more on the temporal dynamics maximising correlation and KGE.
Transforming disaster risk reduction with AI and big data: Legal and interdisciplinary perspectives
Chun, Kwok P, Octavianti, Thanti, Dogulu, Nilay, Tyralis, Hristos, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Rowberry, Ryan, Fan, Pingyu, Everard, Mark, Francesch-Huidobro, Maria, Migliari, Wellington, Hannah, David M., Marshall, John Travis, Calasanz, Rafael Tolosana, Staddon, Chad, Ansharyani, Ida, Dieppois, Bastien, Lewis, Todd R, Ponce, Juli, Ibrean, Silvia, Ferreira, Tiago Miguel, Peliño-Golle, Chinkie, Mu, Ye, Delgado, Manuel, Espinoza, Elizabeth Silvestre, Keulertz, Martin, Gopinath, Deepak, Li, Cheng
Managing complex disaster risks requires interdisciplinary efforts. Breaking down silos between law, social sciences, and natural sciences is critical for all processes of disaster risk reduction. This enables adaptive systems for the rapid evolution of AI technology, which has significantly impacted the intersection of law and natural environments. Exploring how AI influences legal frameworks and environmental management, while also examining how legal and environmental considerations can confine AI within the socioeconomic domain, is essential. From a co-production review perspective, drawing on insights from lawyers, social scientists, and environmental scientists, principles for responsible data mining are proposed based on safety, transparency, fairness, accountability, and contestability. This discussion offers a blueprint for interdisciplinary collaboration to create adaptive law systems based on AI integration of knowledge from environmental and social sciences. Discrepancies in the use of language between environmental scientists and decision-makers in terms of usefulness and accuracy hamper how AI can be used based on the principles of legal considerations for a safe, trustworthy, and contestable disaster management framework. When social networks are useful for mitigating disaster risks based on AI, the legal implications related to privacy and liability of the outcomes of disaster management must be considered. Fair and accountable principles emphasise environmental considerations and foster socioeconomic discussions related to public engagement. AI also has an important role to play in education, bringing together the next generations of law, social sciences, and natural sciences to work on interdisciplinary solutions in harmony.
Transfer Learning for E-commerce Query Product Type Prediction
Tigunova, Anna, Ricatte, Thomas, Eraisha, Ghadir
Getting a good understanding of the customer intent is essential in e-commerce search engines. In particular, associating the correct product type to a search query plays a vital role in surfacing correct products to the customers. Query product type classification (Q2PT) is a particularly challenging task because search queries are short and ambiguous, the number of existing product categories is extremely large, spanning thousands of values. Moreover, international marketplaces face additional challenges, such as language and dialect diversity and cultural differences, influencing the interpretation of the query. In this work we focus on Q2PT prediction in the global multilocale e-commerce markets. The common approach of training Q2PT models for each locale separately shows significant performance drops in low-resource stores. Moreover, this method does not allow for a smooth expansion to a new country, requiring to collect the data and train a new locale-specific Q2PT model from scratch. To tackle this, we propose to use transfer learning from the highresource to the low-resource locales, to achieve global parity of Q2PT performance. We benchmark the per-locale Q2PT model against the unified one, which shares the training data and model structure across all worldwide stores. Additionally, we compare locale-aware and locale-agnostic Q2PT models, showing the task dependency on the country-specific traits. We conduct extensive quantiative and qualitative analysis of Q2PT models on the large-scale e-commerce dataset across 20 worldwide locales, which shows that unified locale-aware Q2PT model has superior performance over the alternatives.
Bias and Toxicity in Role-Play Reasoning
Zhao, Jinman, Qian, Zifan, Cao, Linbo, Wang, Yining, Ding, Yitian
Role-play in the Large Language Model (LLM) is a crucial technique that enables models to adopt specific perspectives, enhancing their ability to generate contextually relevant and accurate responses. By simulating different roles, theis approach improves reasoning capabilities across various NLP benchmarks, making the model's output more aligned with diverse scenarios. However, in this work, we demonstrate that role-play also carries potential risks. We systematically evaluate the impact of role-play by asking the language model to adopt different roles and testing it on multiple benchmarks that contain stereotypical and harmful questions. Despite the significant fluctuations in the benchmark results in different experiments, we find that applying role-play often increases the overall likelihood of generating stereotypical and harmful outputs.