In pioneering work from 2019, Barceló and coauthors identified logics that precisely match the expressive power of constant iteration-depth graph neural networks (GNNs) relative to properties definable in first-order logic. In this article, we give exact logical characterizations of recurrent GNNs in two scenarios: (1) in the setting with floating-point numbers and (2) with reals. For floats, the formalism matching recurrent GNNs is a rule-based modal logic with counting, while for reals we use a suitable infinitary modal logic, also with counting. These results give exact matches between logics and GNNs in the recurrent setting without rel-ativising to a background logic in either case, but using some natural assumptions about floating-point arithmetic. Applying our characterizations, we also prove that, relative to graph properties definable in monadic second-order logic (MSO), our infinitary and rule-based logics are equally expressive. This implies that recurrent GNNs with reals and floats have the same expressive power over MSO-definable properties and shows that, for such properties, also recurrent GNNs with reals are characterized by a (finitary!)

Work done during an internship at Snap Inc.

We present Saliency-driven Experience Replay - SER - a biologically-plausible approach based on replicating human visual saliency to enhance classification models in continual learning settings. Inspired by neurophysiological evidence that the primary visual cortex does not contribute to object manifold untangling for categorization and that primordial saliency biases are still embedded in the modern brain, we propose to employ auxiliary saliency prediction features as a modulation signal to drive and stabilize the learning of a sequence of non-i.i.d.

The claim and evidence conflict pairs can be found at https://huggingface. The scope of our dataset is purely for scientific research. Conflict V erification: Ensuring that the default and conflict evidence are contradictory. The human evaluation results showed a high level of accuracy in our data generation process. We select models with 2B and 7B parameters for our analysis. MA2 [ Touvron et al., 2023 ] is a popular open-source foundation model, trained on 2T Models with 7B and 70B parameters are selected for our analysis. To facilitate parallel training, we employ DeepSpeed Zero-Stage 3 [ Ren et al., The prompt for generating semantic conflict descriptions is shown in Figure 1 . The prompt for generating default evidence is shown in Table 6 . The prompt for generating misinformation conflict evidence is shown in Table 7 . The prompt for generating temporal conflict evidence is shown in Table 8 . The prompt for generating semantic conflict evidence is shown in Table 9 .

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive advancements across numerous disciplines, yet the critical issue of knowledge conflicts, a major source of hallucinations, has rarely been studied. While a few research explored the conflicts between the inherent knowledge of LLMs and the retrieved contextual knowledge, a comprehensive assessment of knowledge conflict in LLMs is still missing.

"juntas" [Blum and Langley, 1997]), that is functions that depend only on a small number

A key question in this growing field is to provide rigorous conditions under which latent factors can be identified and thus, potentially learned.

Google may be forced to make major changes in the way that people use its search engine in the UK. Google may have to change the way its search engine works in the UK, including potentially offering users the option to choose rival search services, as part of new regulation from the UK's competition authority. In a decision handed down on Friday, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has designated Google Search with Strategic Market Status (SMS)--a qualifier given to companies that are considered to have "substantial and entrenched market power"--which would allow the regulator to wield more power over it. This decision follows a 10-month investigation into Google, and it is the first time that these powers, which come under the UK's new Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act, have been used to target a major tech company. Google's SMS will last up to five years under this legislation.