The personal assistant of tech entrepreneur and CEO Fahim Saleh was arrested in New York Friday in the latter's killing and dismemberment in Saleh's luxury apartment. Tyrese Devon Haspil, 21, is expected to be charged with second-degree murder. The New York Times reported Haspil's motive was the alleged theft of tens of thousands of dollars from Saleh, 33. A source told the Times Saleh had learned of the theft, but didn't report it, instead setting up a "repayment plan" for Haspil. Building security cameras showed Saleh and another man entering the former's Manhattan apartment.

When disaster or disease strikes, relief agencies respond more effectively when they have detailed mapping tools to know exactly where to deliver assistance. But extremely reliable and precise maps often are not available. So, our team, composed of artificial intelligence researchers and data scientists in Facebook's Boston office, used our computer vision expertise to create and share population density maps that are more accurate and higher resolution than any of their predecessors. Building on our previous publication of similar high-resolution population maps for 22 countries, we're now releasing new maps of the majority of the African continent, and the project will eventually map nearly the whole world's population. When it is completed, humanitarian agencies will be able to determine how populations are distributed even in remote areas, so that health care workers can better reach households and relief workers can better distribute aid.

Three-quarters of banking executives think artificial intelligence (AI) will determine whether they succeed or fail, but they face major governance challenges, including ensuring decisions made by AI are fair and ethical. A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) said data bias that leads to discrimination against individuals or groups was one of the most prominent risks for banks using the technology. AI is currently high on the banking agenda and the disruption caused by Covid-19 has "intensified" its adoption in the sector, according to the EIU. Banks are using AI to create more personalised banking services for customers, to automate back-office processes and to keep pace with developments at the digital challenger banks pioneering AI in the sector. But banks will need to ensure ethical, fair and well-documented AI-based decisions, said the EIU's Overseeing AI: Governing artificial intelligence in banking report.

As science and engineering have become increasingly data-driven, the role of optimization has expanded to touch almost every stage of the data analysis pipeline, from the signal and data acquisition to modeling and prediction. The optimization problems encountered in practice are often nonconvex. While challenges vary from problem to problem, one common source of nonconvexity is nonlinearity in the data or measurement model. Nonlinear models often exhibit symmetries, creating complicated, nonconvex objective landscapes, with multiple equivalent solutions. Nevertheless, simple methods (e.g., gradient descent) often perform surprisingly well in practice. The goal of this survey is to highlight a class of tractable nonconvex problems, which can be understood through the lens of symmetries. These problems exhibit a characteristic geometric structure: local minimizers are symmetric copies of a single ``ground truth'' solution, while other critical points occur at balanced superpositions of symmetric copies of the ground truth, and exhibit negative curvature in directions that break the symmetry. This structure enables efficient methods to obtain global minimizers. We discuss examples of this phenomenon arising from a wide range of problems in imaging, signal processing, and data analysis. We highlight the key role of symmetry in shaping the objective landscape and discuss the different roles of rotational and discrete symmetries. This area is rich with observed phenomena and open problems; we close by highlighting directions for future research.

AI and related advancements are progressively playing the role of a disruptor in business and society. The application of AI is also increasing in the healthcare domain. These advances can possibly change numerous parts of patient care, just as regulatory procedures inside supplier, patient experience, and pathology labs. There are as of now various researches recommending that AI can proceed just as or better than people at key human services, for example, diagnosing the ailment. Today, algorithms are beating radiologists at spotting harmful tumors.

Facial recognition technology is employed for various purposes, whether for biometric identification on the airports, or on the public CCTV cameras. Many smartphones now have this technology for unlocking their system. On states level, many countries use facial recognition technology for mass surveillance also. However, despite it being used in 98 countries of the world, there still are some that do not approve of it, and some countries have even banned it. In the US, 59% of the citizens believe that facial recognition technology should be implemented, especially for law enforcement.

Human-in-the-loop Reinforcement Learning (HRL) aims to integrate human guidance with Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms to improve sample efficiency and performance. The usual human guidance in HRL is binary evaluative "good" or "bad" signal for queried states and actions. However, this suffers from the problems of weak supervision and poor efficiency in leveraging human feedback. To address this, we present EXPAND (Explanation Augmented Feedback) which allows for explanatory information to be given as saliency maps from the human in addition to the binary feedback. EXPAND employs a state perturbation approach based on the state salient information to augment the feedback, reducing the number of human feedback signals required. We choose two domains to evaluate this approach, Taxi and Atari-Pong. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on three metrics, environment sample efficiency, human feedback sample efficiency, and agent gaze. We show that our method outperforms our baselines. Finally, we present an ablation study to confirm our hypothesis that augmenting binary feedback with state salient information gives a boost in performance.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) speller allows a user to input text to a computer by thought. It is particularly useful to severely disabled individuals, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, who have no other effective means of communication with another person or a computer. Most studies so far focused on making EEG-based BCI spellers faster and more reliable; however, few have considered their security. This study, for the first time, shows that P300 and steady-state visual evoked potential BCI spellers are very vulnerable, i.e., they can be severely attacked by adversarial perturbations, which are too tiny to be noticed when added to EEG signals, but can mislead the spellers to spell anything the attacker wants. The consequence could range from merely user frustration to severe misdiagnosis in clinical applications. We hope our research can attract more attention to the security of EEG-based BCI spellers, and more broadly, EEG-based BCIs, which has received little attention before.

A key factor in the modern success of deep learning is the astonishing expressive power of neural networks. However, this comes at the cost of complex, black-boxed models that are unable to extrapolate beyond the domain of the training dataset, conflicting with goals of expressing physical laws or building human-readable programs. In this paper, we introduce OccamNet, a neural network model that can find interpretable, compact and sparse solutions for fitting data, \`{a} la Occam's razor. Our model defines a probability distribution over a non-differentiable function space, and we introduce an optimization method that samples functions and updates the weights based on cross-entropy matching in an evolutionary strategy: we train by biasing the probability mass towards better fitting solutions. We demonstrate that we can fit a variety of algorithms, ranging from simple analytic functions through recursive programs to even simple image classification. Our method takes minimal memory footprint, does not require AI accelerators for efficient training, fits complicated functions in minutes of training on a single CPU, and demonstrates significant performance gains when scaled on GPU. Our implementation, demonstrations and instructions for reproducing the experiments are available at https://github.com/AllanSCosta/occam-net.

There has been increased interest in missing sensor data imputation, which is ubiquitous in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) due to discontinuous sensing caused by sensor malfunction. To address this fundamental issue, this paper presents an incremental Bayesian tensor learning method for reconstruction of spatiotemporal missing data in SHM and forecasting of structural response. In particular, a spatiotemporal tensor is first constructed followed by Bayesian tensor factorization that extracts latent features for missing data imputation. To enable structural response forecasting based on incomplete sensing data, the tensor decomposition is further integrated with vector autoregression in an incremental learning scheme. The performance of the proposed approach is validated on continuous field-sensing data (including strain and temperature records) of a concrete bridge, based on the assumption that strain time histories are highly correlated to temperature recordings. The results indicate that the proposed probabilistic tensor learning approach is accurate and robust even in the presence of large rates of random missing, structured missing and their combination. The effect of rank selection on the imputation and prediction performance is also investigated. The results show that a better estimation accuracy can be achieved with a higher rank for random missing whereas a lower rank for structured missing.