This paper considers several aspects of random matrix universality in deep neural networks. Motivated by recent experimental work, we use universal properties of random matrices related to local statistics to derive practical implications for deep neural networks based on a realistic model of their Hessians. In particular we derive universal aspects of outliers in the spectra of deep neural networks and demonstrate the important role of random matrix local laws in popular pre-conditioning gradient descent algorithms. We also present insights into deep neural network loss surfaces from quite general arguments based on tools from statistical physics and random matrix theory.

DUBAI: Six years after the Dubai Roads and Transportation Authority laid the roadmap for driverless vehicles by 2030, smart mobility has swept the landscape with intelligent concepts that are changing the region's social infrastructure. The move has already spurred sustainable cities into high gear with smart transportation such as autonomous shuttles, e-bikes and e-buggies set to own the roads. An excellent example of a fully-integrated residential project is Sharjah Sustainable City. This eco-friendly concept is powering a net-zero energy community with energy-efficient villas that promise to offer sustainable living at no extra cost. Developed by Sharjah Investment and Development Authority in partnership with Diamond Developers, the sustainable city will host the best green technology, including solar-powered smart homes, bio-domes for vertical farming, electric vehicle chargers, driverless shuttles and a biogas plant. "The UAE is the first country in the Gulf Cooperation Council to commit to net-zero by 2050; all growth and development must align with that commitment, which means we have to do our bit," Karim El-Jisr, chief sustainability officer, SSC, told Arab News.

The Chinese navy, under instruction from President Xi Jinping, has undergone a modernisation and expansion programme that is nothing short of spectacular. Friday's launch of its third and most advanced aircraft carrier, the Fujian, for sea trials underscores just how far it has come, and how fast. The first two carriers, the Liaoning and Shandong, were ex-Soviet designs; the Liaoning initially bought for scrap from Ukraine and refitted. While antiquated, they have been used to train new generations of naval officers and pilots in the complex science and art of aircraft carrier operations. This new design of aircraft carrier is a quantum leap in capabilities from these older models and will greatly enhance China's combat power.

Now senior director for AI and legal ethics at NVIDIA, Pope spends her days working with internal teams across the company to ensure its products engender trust across industries. In a recent "Solving for Tech Ethics" podcast, Pope joined Beena Ammanath, Deloitte LLP's Trustworthy and Ethical Technology leader, to discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with creating trustworthy AI. Ammanath: Five or 10 years ago, roles like yours just didn't exist. What does a day in your job look like? Pope: One day does not look like the next. Take yesterday as an example.

AI and robotics are leading to significant healthcare advances in South Africa.

The way Timnit Gebru sees it, the foundations of the future are being built now. In Silicon Valley, home to the world's biggest tech companies, the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution is already well under way. Software is being written and algorithms are being trained that will determine the shape of our lives for decades or even centuries to come. If the tech billionaires get their way, the world will run on artificial intelligence. Cars will drive themselves and computers will diagnose and cure diseases. Art, music and movies will be automatically generated.

Specifically, Huerta and his then graduate student Daniel George pioneered the use of so-called convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are a type of deep-learning algorithm, to detect and decipher gravitational-wave signals in real time. Roughly speaking, training or teaching a deep-learning system involves feeding it data that are already categorized--say, images of galaxies obscured by lots of noise--and getting the network to identify the patterns in the data correctly. After their initial success with CNNs, Huerta and George, along with Huerta's graduate student Hongyu Shen, scaled up this effort, designing deep-learning algorithms that were trained on supercomputers using millions of simulated signatures of gravitational waves mixed in with noise derived from previous observing runs of Advanced LIGO--an upgrade to LIGO completed in 2015. For instance, Adam Rebei, a high school student in Huerta's group, showed in a recent study that deep learning can identify the complex gravitational-wave signals produced by the merger of black holes in eccentric orbits--something LIGO's traditional algorithms cannot do in real time. In a preprint paper last September, Nicholas Choma of New York University and his colleagues reported the development of a special type of deep-learning algorithm called a graph neural network, whose connections and architecture take advantage of the spatial geometry of the sensors in the ice and the fact that only a few sensors see the light from any given muon track.

The terms Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (mL) to a tech neophyte is synonymous with robots wearing human emotions.

More than half of all players at the finals of last year's European Championship and the Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) in February were subjected to discriminatory abuse online, a report published by global football governing body FIFA has revealed. The independent report used artificial intelligence to track more than 400,000 posts on social media platforms during the semi-final and final stages of the two football competitions and found the majority of abuse to be homophobic, 40 percent, and racist, 38 percent. The report found that much of the abuse came from players' home nations and took place before, during and after games. England's Marcus Rashford, Jadon Sancho and Bukayo Saka, who are Black, were bombarded with online abuse after missing their penalty shots in a shoot-out against Italy which settled the July 11 European Championship final after the game finished in a draw. A substitute player from Egypt was the most abused player at the AFCON finals this year, the report found.

While Artificial intelligence (AI) has been developing for decades, recent years have seen increasing attention to its various societal impacts. These impacts range from positive and helpful to harmful and even life-threatening in some cases. Parliaments have responded to such developments by undertaking various programmes of work. What have they done, and what can Scotland learn from these approaches? This short review provides a snapshot of the work that various Parliaments around the world have undertaken on AI. It outlines the various approaches adopted by Parliaments and highlights common themes. In noting the key points for Scotland, it is designed to inform and guide the Scottish Parliament and others, as Scotland considers its own approach to the many opportunities and challenges AI presents. The report was written by Robbie Scarff on an internship supported by the Scottish Graduate School of Social Science. From this work, here are some key areas and questions for the Scottish Parliament to consider.