Nowadays, diseases are increasing in numbers and severity by the hour. Immunity diseases, affecting 8\% of the world population in 2017 according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is a field in medicine worth attention due to the high rate of disease occurrence classified under this category. This work presents an up-to-date review of state-of-the-art immune diseases healthcare solutions. We focus on tackling the issue with modern solutions such as Deep Learning to detect anomalies in the early stages hence providing health practitioners with efficient tools. We rely on advanced deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to fulfill our objective of providing an efficient tool while providing a proficient analysis of this solution. The proposed solution was tested and evaluated by the immunology department in the Principal Military Hospital of Instruction of Tunis, which considered it a very helpful tool.

Synthetic realities are digital creations or augmentations that are contextually generated through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, leveraging extensive amounts of data to construct new narratives or realities, regardless of the intent to deceive. In this paper, we delve into the concept of synthetic realities and their implications for Digital Forensics and society at large within the rapidly advancing field of AI. We highlight the crucial need for the development of forensic techniques capable of identifying harmful synthetic creations and distinguishing them from reality. This is especially important in scenarios involving the creation and dissemination of fake news, disinformation, and misinformation. Our focus extends to various forms of media, such as images, videos, audio, and text, as we examine how synthetic realities are crafted and explore approaches to detecting these malicious creations. Additionally, we shed light on the key research challenges that lie ahead in this area. This study is of paramount importance due to the rapid progress of AI generative techniques and their impact on the fundamental principles of Forensic Science.

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) has recently become a centric research direction for many real-world applications. This proliferation is due to the fact that opinions are central to almost all human activities and are key influencers of our behaviors. In addition, the recent deployment of Deep Learning-based (DL) models has proven their high efficiency for a wide range of Western languages. In contrast, Arabic DL-based multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) is still in its infantile stage due, mainly, to the lack of standard datasets. In this paper, our investigation is twofold. First, we design a pipeline that helps building our Arabic Multimodal dataset leveraging both state-of-the-art transformers and feature extraction tools within word alignment techniques. Thereafter, we validate our dataset using state-of-the-art transformer-based model dealing with multimodality. Despite the small size of the outcome dataset, experiments show that Arabic multimodality is very promising

LLMs, including those in the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) family, are known to exhibit emergent properties [1]. Emergent behavior in such complex nonlinear adaptive systems manifests in a seemingly stochastic manner [3], which impacts directly on an LLM's responses to instructions for performing tasks given in the form of prompts. Consequently, querying an LLM repeatedly with the same prompt may yield different responses, while a tweak in a prompt may result in either no difference in an LLM's response, or a significant change. For critical applications, for example, in assistive surgery [4], a substantial amount of time is spent on ensuring that the performance achieved is within an acceptable tolerance. Therefore, the monetary value of a well-crafted prompt (regardless of the field) which has painstakingly been developed through trial and error, including several hundred versions of iterative phrasing, and possibly also exploiting a particular LLM's architecture, will be considerable [5]. This has led to the emergence of a new field, called prompt engineering, which refers to the art and science of engineering incantations that will evoke the desired response from an LLM [6, 7]. This has underscored a simple fact that since the end of 2022, prompts themselves have become valuable. A prompt thus does not represent the desire of a user for an artifact that an LLM might produce, instead it stands as a proxy for the artifact it will "unlock".

Model-based reasoning agents are ill-equipped to act in novel situations in which their model of the environment no longer sufficiently represents the world. We propose HYDRA - a framework for designing model-based agents operating in mixed discrete-continuous worlds, that can autonomously detect when the environment has evolved from its canonical setup, understand how it has evolved, and adapt the agents' models to perform effectively. HYDRA is based upon PDDL+, a rich modeling language for planning in mixed, discrete-continuous environments. It augments the planning module with visual reasoning, task selection, and action execution modules for closed-loop interaction with complex environments. HYDRA implements a novel meta-reasoning process that enables the agent to monitor its own behavior from a variety of aspects. The process employs a diverse set of computational methods to maintain expectations about the agent's own behavior in an environment. Divergences from those expectations are useful in detecting when the environment has evolved and identifying opportunities to adapt the underlying models. HYDRA builds upon ideas from diagnosis and repair and uses a heuristics-guided search over model changes such that they become competent in novel conditions. The HYDRA framework has been used to implement novelty-aware agents for three diverse domains - CartPole++ (a higher dimension variant of a classic control problem), Science Birds (an IJCAI competition problem), and PogoStick (a specific problem domain in Minecraft). We report empirical observations from these domains to demonstrate the efficacy of various components in the novelty meta-reasoning process.

Tensor completion is a core machine learning algorithm used in recommender systems and other domains with missing data. While the matrix case is well-understood, theoretical results for tensor problems are limited, particularly when the sampling patterns are deterministic. Here we bound the generalization error of the solutions of two tensor completion methods, Poisson loss and atomic norm minimization, providing tighter bounds in terms of the target tensor rank. If the ground-truth tensor is order $t$ with CP-rank $r$, the dependence on $r$ is improved from $r^{2(t-1)(t^2-t-1)}$ in arXiv:1910.10692 to $r^{2(t-1)(3t-5)}$. The error in our bounds is deterministically controlled by the spectral gap of the sampling sparsity pattern. We also prove several new properties for the atomic tensor norm, reducing the rank dependence from $r^{3t-3}$ in arXiv:1711.04965 to $r^{3t-5}$ under random sampling schemes. A limitation is that atomic norm minimization, while theoretically interesting, leads to inefficient algorithms. However, numerical experiments illustrate the dependence of the reconstruction error on the spectral gap for the practical max-quasinorm, ridge penalty, and Poisson loss minimization algorithms. This view through the spectral gap is a promising window for further study of tensor algorithms.

We introduce an extensive dataset for multilingual probing of morphological information in language models (247 tasks across 42 languages from 10 families), each consisting of a sentence with a target word and a morphological tag as the desired label, derived from the Universal Dependencies treebanks. We find that pre-trained Transformer models (mBERT and XLM-RoBERTa) learn features that attain strong performance across these tasks. We then apply two methods to locate, for each probing task, where the disambiguating information resides in the input. The first is a new perturbation method that masks various parts of context; the second is the classical method of Shapley values. The most intriguing finding that emerges is a strong tendency for the preceding context to hold more information relevant to the prediction than the following context.

The In-Network Computing (COIN) paradigm is a promising solution that leverages unused network resources to perform some tasks to meet up with computation-demanding applications, such as metaverse. In this vein, we consider the metaverse partial computation offloading problem for multiple subtasks in a COIN environment to minimise energy consumption and delay while dynamically adjusting the offloading policy based on the changing computation resources status. We prove that the problem is NP and thus transformed it into two subproblems: task splitting problem (TSP) on the user side and task offloading problem (TOP) on the COIN side. We modelled the TSP as an ordinal potential game (OPG) and proposed a decentralised algorithm to obtain its Nash Equilibrium (NE). Then, we model the TOP as Markov Decision Process (MDP) proposed double deep Q-network (DDQN) to solve for the optimal offloading policy. Unlike the conventional DDQN algorithm, where intelligent agents sample offloading decisions randomly within a certain probability, our COIN agent explores the NE of the TSP and the deep neural network. Finally, simulation results show that our proposed model approach allows the COIN agent to update its policies and make more informed decisions, leading to improved performance over time compared to the traditional baseline.

This study investigates the relationship between narratives conveyed through microblogging platforms, namely Twitter, and the value of crypto assets. Our study provides a unique technique to build narratives about cryptocurrency by combining topic modelling of short texts with sentiment analysis. First, we used an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to discover the latent topics within the massive and noisy textual data from Twitter, and then we revealed 4-5 cryptocurrency-related narratives, including financial investment, technological advancement related to crypto, financial and political regulations, crypto assets, and media coverage. In a number of situations, we noticed a strong link between our narratives and crypto prices. Our work connects the most recent innovation in economics, Narrative Economics, to a new area of study that combines topic modelling and sentiment analysis to relate consumer behaviour to narratives.

Scaling language models have revolutionized widespread NLP tasks, yet little comprehensively explored few-shot relation extraction with large language models. In this paper, we investigate principal methodologies, in-context learning and data generation, for few-shot relation extraction via GPT-3.5 through exhaustive experiments. To enhance few-shot performance, we further propose task-related instructions and schema-constrained data generation. We observe that in-context learning can achieve performance on par with previous prompt learning approaches, and data generation with the large language model can boost previous solutions to obtain new state-of-the-art few-shot results on four widely-studied relation extraction datasets. We hope our work can inspire future research for the capabilities of large language models in few-shot relation extraction. Code is available in https://github.com/zjunlp/DeepKE/tree/main/example/llm.