Mining and analysis of the big data of Twitter conversations have been of significant interest to the scientific community in the fields of healthcare, epidemiology, big data, data science, computer science, and their related areas, as can be seen from several works in the last few years that focused on sentiment analysis and other forms of text analysis of tweets related to Ebola, E-Coli, Dengue, Human Papillomavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Measles, Zika virus, H1N1, influenza like illness, swine flu, flu, Cholera, Listeriosis, cancer, Liver Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, kidney disease, lupus, Parkinsons, Diphtheria, and West Nile virus. The recent outbreaks of COVID-19 and MPox have served as catalysts for Twitter usage related to seeking and sharing information, views, opinions, and sentiments involving both of these viruses. None of the prior works in this field analyzed tweets focusing on both COVID-19 and MPox simultaneously. To address this research gap, a total of 61,862 tweets that focused on MPox and COVID-19 simultaneously, posted between 7 May 2022 and 3 March 2023, were studied. The findings and contributions of this study are manifold. First, the results of sentiment analysis using the VADER approach show that nearly half the tweets had a negative sentiment. It was followed by tweets that had a positive sentiment and tweets that had a neutral sentiment, respectively. Second, this paper presents the top 50 hashtags used in these tweets. Third, it presents the top 100 most frequently used words in these tweets after performing tokenization, removal of stopwords, and word frequency analysis. Finally, a comprehensive comparative study that compares the contributions of this paper with 49 prior works in this field is presented to further uphold the relevance and novelty of this work.

Deep Learning models have achieved remarkable performance in tasks such as image classification or generation, often surpassing human accuracy. However, they can struggle to learn new tasks and update their knowledge without access to previous data, leading to a significant loss of accuracy known as Catastrophic Forgetting (CF). This phenomenon was first observed by McCloskey and Cohen in 1989 and remains an active research topic. Incremental learning without forgetting is widely recognized as a crucial aspect in building better AI systems, as it allows models to adapt to new tasks without losing the ability to perform previously learned ones. This article surveys recent studies that tackle CF in modern Deep Learning models that use gradient descent as their learning algorithm. Although several solutions have been proposed, a definitive solution or consensus on assessing CF is yet to be established. The article provides a comprehensive review of recent solutions, proposes a taxonomy to organize them, and identifies research gaps in this area.

In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis of several key factors influencing the performance of Arabic Dialect Identification NADI'2023, with a specific focus on the first subtask involving country-level dialect identification. Our investigation encompasses the effects of surface preprocessing, morphological preprocessing, FastText vector model, and the weighted concatenation of TF-IDF features. For classification purposes, we employ the Linear Support Vector Classification (LSVC) model. During the evaluation phase, our system demonstrates noteworthy results, achieving an F1 score of 62.51%. This achievement closely aligns with the average F1 scores attained by other systems submitted for the first subtask, which stands at 72.91%.

Language models (LMs) commonly report perplexity on monolithic data held out from training. Implicitly or explicitly, this data is composed of domains$\unicode{x2013}$varying distributions of language. Rather than assuming perplexity on one distribution extrapolates to others, Perplexity Analysis for Language Model Assessment (Paloma), measures LM fit to 585 text domains, ranging from nytimes.com to r/depression on Reddit. We invite submissions to our benchmark and organize results by comparability based on compliance with guidelines such as removal of benchmark contamination from pretraining. Submissions can also record parameter and training token count to make comparisons of Pareto efficiency for performance as a function of these measures of cost. We populate our benchmark with results from 6 baselines pretrained on popular corpora. In case studies, we demonstrate analyses that are possible with Paloma, such as finding that pretraining without data beyond Common Crawl leads to inconsistent fit to many domains.

In this paper, we present a novel person reidentification (PRe-ID) system that based on tensor feature representation and multilinear subspace learning. Additionally, Cross-View Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (TXQDA) algorithm is used for multilinear subspace learning, which models the data in a tensor framework to enhance discriminative capabilities. Similarity measure based on Mahalanobis distance is used for matching between training and test pedestrian images. Experimental evaluations on VIPeR and PRID450s datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Introduction In the past few years, artificial intelligence has sparked a transformative revolution across multiple domains, significantly impacting people's lives.

Retinex (MSR), which enhances image quality. MSIDA typically performs the projection of the input region tensor into a novel multilinear The objective of kinship verification from face images is to subspace, which results in an increased distance between ascertain the biological relationship between two individuals samples belonging to different classes and a decreased distance by analyzing their faces appearances [1].

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning (ML) technique that allows a number of participants to train an ML model collaboratively without having to share their private local datasets with others. When participants are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), UAV-enabled FL would experience heterogeneity due to the majorly skewed (non-independent and identically distributed -IID) collected data. In addition, UAVs may demonstrate unintentional misbehavior in which the latter may fail to send updates to the FL server due, for instance, to UAVs' disconnectivity from the FL system caused by high mobility, unavailability, or battery depletion. Such challenges may significantly affect the convergence of the FL model. A recent way to tackle these challenges is client selection, based on customized criteria that consider UAV computing power and energy consumption. However, most existing client selection schemes neglected the participants' reliability. Indeed, FL can be targeted by poisoning attacks, in which malicious UAVs upload poisonous local models to the FL server, by either providing targeted false predictions for specifically chosen inputs or by compromising the global model's accuracy through tampering with the local model. Hence, we propose in this paper a novel client selection scheme that enhances convergence by prioritizing fast UAVs with high-reliability scores, while eliminating malicious UAVs from training. Through experiments, we assess the effectiveness of our scheme in resisting different attack scenarios, in terms of convergence and achieved model accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate the performance superiority of the proposed approach compared to baseline methods.

High demand for painters is required nowadays and foreseen in the near future for both developed and developing countries. To satisfy such demand, this paper presents the detailed computer aided design (CAD) model of a fully functional wall painting robot for interior finishes. The RoboPainter is capable of performing full scale wall-ceil painting in addition to decorative wall drawings. The 8 degrees of freedom (DOF) mobile robot structure consists of a 6DOF spray painting arm mounted on a 2DOF differentially driven mobile base. The design presented endows several achievements in terms of total robot mass and painting rate as compared to existing literature. Detailed dynamic model parameters are presented to allow for further enhancement in terms of robot motion control.

Transformer-based large language models (e.g., BERT and GPT) achieve great success, and fine-tuning, which tunes a pre-trained model on a task-specific dataset, is the standard practice to utilize these models for downstream tasks. However, Transformer fine-tuning has long running time and high memory consumption due to the large size of the models. We propose the SPT system to fine-tune Transformer-based models efficiently by introducing sparsity. We observe that the memory consumption of Transformer mainly comes from storing attention weights for multi-head attention (MHA), and the majority of running time is spent on feed-forward network (FFN). Thus, we design the sparse MHA module, which computes and stores only large attention weights to reduce memory consumption, and the routed FFN module, which dynamically activates a subset of model parameters for each token to reduce computation cost. We implement SPT on PyTorch and customize CUDA kernels to run sparse MHA and routed FFN efficiently. Specifically, we use product quantization to identify the large attention weights and compute attention via sparse matrix multiplication for sparse MHA. For routed FFN, we batch the tokens according to their activated model parameters for efficient computation. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate SPT on various model configurations. The results show that SPT consistently outperforms well-optimized baselines, reducing the peak memory consumption by up to 50% and accelerating fine-tuning by up to 2.2x.

Recently, natural language generation (NLG) evaluation has shifted from a single-aspect to a multi-aspect paradigm, allowing for a more accurate assessment. Large language models (LLMs) achieve superior performance on various NLG evaluation tasks. However, current work often employs the LLM to independently evaluate different aspects, which largely ignores the rich correlation between various aspects. To fill this research gap, in this work, we propose an NLG evaluation metric called CoAScore. Powered by LLMs, the CoAScore utilizes multi-aspect knowledge through a CoA (\textbf{C}hain-\textbf{o}f-\textbf{A}spects) prompting framework when assessing the quality of a certain aspect. Specifically, for a given aspect to evaluate, we first prompt the LLM to generate a chain of aspects that are relevant to the target aspect and could be useful for the evaluation. We then collect evaluation scores for each generated aspect, and finally, leverage the knowledge of these aspects to improve the evaluation of the target aspect. We evaluate CoAScore across five NLG evaluation tasks (e.g., summarization, dialog response generation, etc) and nine aspects (e.g., overall quality, relevance, coherence, etc). Our experimental findings highlight that, in comparison to individual aspect evaluation, CoAScore exhibits a higher correlation with human judgments. This improvement significantly outperforms existing unsupervised evaluation metrics, whether for assessing overall quality or other aspects. We also conducted extensive ablation studies to validate the effectiveness of the three stages within the CoAScore framework and conducted case studies to show how the LLM performs in these stages. Our code and scripts are available.