Following the success of OpenAI's GPT series of large language models, an increasing number of institutions are proposing "foundation" models for artificial intelligence that, like GPT, are "pre-trained" to have very broad capabilities in a domain of knowledge. We saw this last week with Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang proposing a "world foundation model" for autonomous vehicles and robots. On Tuesday, at the annual JP Morgan Healthcare Conference in San Francisco, AI computer startup Cerebras Systems and medical research powerhouse Mayo Clinic presented findings of what they're calling a foundation model for genomics that can tease out the genetic root of inherited conditions. The goal is to "build the ChatGPT of healthcare," according to Cerebras and Mayo Clinic. The first breakthrough of the year-long collaboration is the potential capability to predict drug response from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

There are many remarkable things about octopuses--they're famously intelligent, they have three hearts, their eyeballs work like prisms, they can change color at will, and they can "see" light with their skin. One of the most striking things about these creatures, however, is the fact that each of their eight arms almost seems to have a mind of its own, allowing an octopus to multitask in a manner that humans can only dream about. At the heart of each arm is a structure known as the axial nervous cord (ANC), and a new study published January 15 in Nature Communications examines how the structure of this cord is fundamental to allowing the arms to act as they do. Cassady Olson, first author on the paper, explains to Popular Science that understanding the ANC is crucial to understanding how an octopus's arms work: "You can think of the ANC as equivalent to a spinal cord running down the center of every single arm." Olson explains that "there are many gross similarities [between the ANC and vertebrates' spinal cords]--there is a cell body region, a neuropil region, and long tracts to connect the arms and brains in each."

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Researchers at Stanford have been using artificial intelligence (AI) to dive deeper into diabetes diagnosis -- and the results could mean better, more accessible care. We commonly understand diabetes as being either Type 1 or Type 2. But in recent years, scientists have discovered important variations, or subtypes, within Type 2 -- which makes up 95% of diagnoses -- that shed light on the risk of contracting related conditions, like kidney, heart, or liver issues. "Understanding the physiology behind [diabetes] requires metabolic tests done in a research setting, but the tests are cumbersome and expensive and not practical for use in the clinic," explained Tracey McLaughlin, MD, an endocrinology professor at Stanford. Using data collected by glucose monitors, researchers developed an algorithm identifying three of the four most common subtypes of Type 2 diabetes. Compared to clinical data, the algorithm "predicted metabolic subtypes, such as insulin resistance and beta-cell deficiency, with greater accuracy than the traditional metabolic tests" -- roughly 90% of the time.

Major Depressive Disorder and anxiety disorders affect millions globally, contributing significantly to the burden of mental health issues. Early screening is crucial for effective intervention, as timely identification of mental health issues can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be valuable for improving the screening of mental disorders, enabling early intervention and better treatment outcomes. AI-driven screening can leverage the analysis of multiple data sources, including facial features in digital images. However, existing methods often rely on controlled environments or specialized equipment, limiting their broad applicability. This study explores the potential of AI models for ubiquitous depression-anxiety screening given face-centric selfies. The investigation focuses on high-risk pregnant patients, a population that is particularly vulnerable to mental health issues. To cope with limited training data resulting from our clinical setup, pre-trained models were utilized in two different approaches: fine-tuning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) originally designed for facial expression recognition and employing vision-language models (VLMs) for zero-shot analysis of facial expressions. Experimental results indicate that the proposed VLM-based method significantly outperforms CNNs, achieving an accuracy of 77.6%. Although there is significant room for improvement, the results suggest that VLMs can be a promising approach for mental health screening.

'The Biggest Loser' star Jillian Michaels shared her thoughts on why people fall off their diet and fitness routines during the fall and winter seasons and explained how they can get back on track. CES 2025 has once again showcased a remarkable array of health and fitness technology that promises to transform our well-being. From artificial intelligence-powered sleep aids to smart ear-cleaning devices, this year's event highlights cutting-edge solutions designed to enhance our health and fitness routines. These groundbreaking innovations are sure to offer something for everyone. The Frenz Brainband is this cool new AI-powered sleep headband that not only tracks your sleep, but actually helps you sleep better and focus more during the day.

Tucked away in the village of Leasowe, near Moreton on the Wirral peninsula west of Liverpool, the US pharmaceutical company Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) is building a new 35m glass-clad laboratory building. It is part of a growing life sciences cluster in and around Liverpool, one of the largest in Europe, and a leader in vaccine development and manufacture, as well as infectious disease research projects in the UK. The move comes as Britain's biggest company, AstraZeneca, has put on hold a 450m investment in a vaccine research and manufacturing site in nearby Speke, a suburb to the south of Liverpool, while it tries to secure UK government grant funding. A grant would constitute one of the first big state interventions since Labour came to power in July, and a test of how well the drug maker, run by Pascal Soriot – the best-paid chief executive of a FTSE 100-listed company, who is in line for up to 18.7m for 2024 – can flex its muscle. Meanwhile, the new BMS building, to be unveiled next May, is 50% bigger than its existing labs in Wirral, and will house 250 scientists and operational staff, more than double the number of eight years ago.

Friday was the final day of the show -- and team Engadget has departed Las Vegas. Our reporters and editors spent the week scouring endless carpeted convention halls of the CES show floor, braving lines of chain smokers, overcoming nasty colds and sore ankles and fielding thousands of emails a day to find the best and most credible products at the show. It was quite the challenge, as the landscape was dotted with countless contenders. As expected, the vast majority of things we saw this CES had an AI component, with a noticeable uptick in AR glasses, hearing aid earbuds, solar-powered tech, robot vacuums and even emotional support robots. Our team was encouraged to see more growth in tech built to improve the lives of those with disabilities and mobility issues, too. For all the new iterations we saw on traditional tech like laptops, TVs and soundbars, we saw a bevy of wonderfully weird off-beat tech at the show, too.

You could be looking at the ultra-realistic and creepy future of sex dolls. A new'companion robot' made its debut at a major tech event in Vegas this week, sporting perfectly shaped breasts, a pert buttocks, thick lips and features of a youthful 20-something. Its creators, Realbotix, claim the 175,000 bot is to keep elderly gentlemen from being lonely. Asked why it had been shaped in an appealing way, the creators said it was because men wanted something nice to look at. Dressed in a black tracksuit, when asking the robot questions it gives long responses while having slightly jerky hand and body movements.

Getting regular eye exams is a good practice for maintaining good vision. However, doing so requires setting aside time to visit an eye doctor, a luxury many people don't have. Eyebot hopes to change that by introducing the option of a 90-second, self-serve eye exam. With so many exhibitors, it's difficult to stand out on the CES show floor, but the Eyebot booth had a line nearly every day, with people buzzing to get their eye exam in. The concept is simple: users walk up to a kiosk, follow the prompts, and within 90 seconds, get a tele-doctor-approved prescription.